Cannulated screw is a common internal fixation device in orthopedic surgery.
Working process
During the operation, the Kirschner wire with the hole matching the hollow screw is first drilled into the bone of the fracture site, and then the hollow screw is screwed into the fracture site through the guidance of the Kirschner wire. Finally, the Kirschner wire is pulled out to complete the fixation of the fracture site. In many cases of fracture of the neck and femur, the healing cycle is long, and it usually takes about 30 months to remove the cannulated screws. At this point, the bone and the surface of the cannulated nail are closely connected and firmly connected in the nail path, which leads to defects easily generated by conventional nail removal methods, causing secondary injury at the fracture healing site and causing pain to the patient. Percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation for femoral neck fractures has the advantages of small trauma, good healing, low rate of femoral head necrosis, and good stability.
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Mud farming
Mudworms, also known as loquats or true loaches, are freshwater fish commonly found in various aquatic environments. These small but resilient creatures have unique physical characteristics and behaviors that make them both interesting and valuable in aquaculture.
Physically, mudworms have a streamlined body with a pointed head and small eyes covered by a transparent membrane. Their snout is angled forward, and their mouth is positioned on the underside, giving them a horseshoe shape. They possess five pairs of tentacles and a complete lateral line system, which helps them sense vibrations in the water. The dorsal fins are soft, with no spines, and are located near the pelvic fins. Their pectoral fins are set back, while the anal fin is close to the vent. The caudal fin is rounded, and their coloration is typically dark gray on the back and sides, fading to a lighter gray on the belly. A distinct dark spot is often seen at the base of the tail, and their odd fins are marked with dense brown spots.
In terms of behavior, loaches are omnivorous, adapting their diet based on their size and environment. Juveniles feed mainly on zooplankton, while adults consume a mix of small invertebrates, plant matter, and organic debris. Their feeding activity peaks at night, though they can be trained to eat during the day in captivity. Water temperature plays a crucial role in their feeding and growth, with optimal conditions between 15°C and 30°C. Growth rates vary depending on food availability, with young loaches growing rapidly—reaching about 13 cm in two years.
Loaches are also highly reproductive. They mature at around two years old and spawn between April and September, with peak spawning occurring between May and July when the water temperature is between 25°C and 26°C. Female loaches can lay thousands of eggs, depending on their size, with larger individuals producing more. The eggs are adhesive and attach to aquatic plants or other surfaces. After 2–3 days, the eggs hatch into fry.
One of the most remarkable traits of loaches is their adaptability. They can survive in low-oxygen environments by using their intestines to absorb oxygen from the air. This ability allows them to thrive in muddy or stagnant waters where other fish would struggle. They are also sensitive to environmental changes and often surface when sick or stressed.
In addition to their ecological importance, loaches are valued for their meat, which is considered delicious and nutritious. They are believed to have health benefits, including aiding in skin conditions, liver function, and even sexual health. Due to their hardiness and market demand, loaches are a popular species in freshwater aquaculture, contributing significantly to local economies.