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Hybrid cotton and its supporting cultivation techniques in the Yellow River Basin
Hybrid cotton is known for its high yield and strong resistance, making it a popular choice among most cotton farmers. In recent years, the adoption of hybrid cotton has grown rapidly, especially in the Yangtze River region, where it has been widely adopted. In the southern part of the Yellow River Basin, its cultivation area continues to expand, currently covering about 30% of the total planting area. As more farmers begin to grow hybrid cotton, there is an increasing need to understand best practices that can maximize economic returns.
However, many farmers in the Yellow River Basin are still not fully familiar with the unique growth characteristics and management techniques required for hybrid cotton. Compared to traditional varieties, hybrid cotton has a more developed root system, stronger growth, faster development, larger vegetative structures, and higher boll-setting capacity. These traits contribute to higher yields and greater potential for yield improvement. Therefore, proper fertilization and cultivation methods differ from those used for conventional cotton.
The climate in the Yellow River Basin differs from that of the Yangtze River region. It belongs to the warm temperate zone, with a frost-free period of 190–220 days, shorter than in the south, and annual rainfall ranging from 400 to 750 mm, which is also lower. Based on these ecological conditions and the specific needs of hybrid cotton, this article outlines key cultivation techniques to help farmers in the Yellow River Basin achieve better results.
First, timely sowing and transplanting are crucial. Hybrid cotton seeds are expensive, so using seedlings is common to save costs. Nutrient seedbeds should be located near fields with good drainage, fertile soil, and convenient access. Sowing should begin when the ground temperature reaches 13°C, typically around late March to early April in the first quarter. Seeds are placed one per seedling, lightly covered with soil, and treated with alum. Herbicides may be used to control weeds, but they must not come into direct contact with the seeds. Seedlings should be acclimated before transplanting, ideally when temperatures stabilize above 15°C and the soil at 10 cm depth reaches 17°C. Transplanting usually occurs between late April and early May, depending on previous crops.
Second, proper planting density is essential. Hybrid cotton benefits from population advantages, but in the Yellow River Basin, where the growing season is shorter, density must be carefully managed. Common planting methods include wheat-cotton intercropping (50–70%), vegetable-cotton intercropping (20–30%), and single-season spring cotton (10–20%). Density varies depending on crop type and field fertility. For example, wheat-cotton intercropping may require 2,500–3,000 plants per mu, while spring-sown cotton might need 2,000–2,500. Soil quality and plant structure also influence density.
Third, scientific fertilization is key. Hybrid cotton requires more nutrients due to its vigorous growth. Base fertilizer should be rich in organic matter, with additional potassium applied during the growing season. A general guideline includes 6,000–8,000 kg of compost per mu, along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at specified rates. Fertilizer application should follow a balanced schedule, such as 2:6:2 for base, flowering, and top-dressing.
Fourth, timely growth control is important. In dense or well-fertilized fields, chemical growth regulators like dicyclonon may be used to prevent excessive vegetative growth. Applications are typically done in three stages, adjusting concentrations based on weather and plant condition.
Fifth, pest management is critical. Although most hybrid cotton is Bt-transgenic, it remains vulnerable to certain pests, especially in later generations. Farmers should monitor and apply targeted pesticides as needed.
Finally, disease prevention is essential. Verticillium wilt and blight are common in the region. Farmers should choose resistant varieties, rotate crops, improve field hygiene, and use appropriate fungicides when necessary.
By following these techniques, farmers in the Yellow River Basin can optimize their hybrid cotton production and achieve sustainable, profitable results.