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Fruits and vegetables in greenhouses should be paid attention to during fruitful management
After the low-temperature period, crops grown in protected areas enter a productive phase and reach their peak for water and nutrient uptake. Therefore, it's essential to fully understand the specific needs of fruit and vegetable crops during this stage in order to implement scientific and rational management practices.
1. Pay attention to balanced fertilization. The nutrient absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium changes during the fruiting stage compared to the earlier growth phases. At this time, plants require more potassium, stable levels of phosphorus, and increased nitrogen—but not as high as potassium. Many farmers mistakenly believe that applying more urea or ammonium bicarbonate will boost fruit production, leading to excessive nitrogen application, overuse of phosphorus, and insufficient potassium. This unbalanced approach can damage soil quality and lead to poor plant nutrition, making crops more prone to diseases. For example, too much nitrogen may cause large, dark green leaves with thick, curled foliage, reduced fruit size, or twisted melon strips. Excess phosphorus can result in chlorotic symptoms like zinc, iron, or magnesium deficiencies, as phosphate binds with these elements in the soil, reducing their availability. A lack of potassium may cause the older lower leaves to burn at the edges, fruits to crack easily, sugar content to drop, flavor to decline, and the plant to age prematurely.
To avoid these issues, fertilization during the fruiting stage should be done in small, frequent doses, with a focus on potassium. If trace elements are needed, foliar spraying is an effective method.
2. Monitor greenhouse temperature and moisture carefully. As temperatures rise inside the greenhouse, symptoms such as cucumber browning or tomato umbilical rot may appear, often due to iron deficiency. Rapid temperature increases can disrupt water uptake and calcium transport in plants, leading to calcium deficiency at the top. Adjust greenhouse temperatures regularly to avoid sudden fluctuations, water timely, and apply calcium foliar sprays when necessary.
3. Be vigilant about pests and viral diseases. With rising outside temperatures, the population of virus-carrying insects like aphids and whiteflies increases. Pest control is crucial to prevent the spread of viral diseases. Effective measures include: 1) installing fine mesh insect nets on all ventilation openings; 2) setting up a disinfectant pool at the entrance with quicklime for foot disinfection; 3) preparing 0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution for disinfection before entering the greenhouse; and 4) using 25% Actara diluted 7,500–10,000 times to control aphids and whiteflies, which also helps prevent viral infections. These steps ensure a healthier growing environment and reduce the risk of crop losses.