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Fruits and vegetables in greenhouses should be paid attention to during fruitful management
After the low-temperature period, crops grown in protected environments enter a productive phase, marked by peak water and nutrient uptake. It is essential to fully understand the specific needs of these crops during this stage to ensure proper and scientific management.
1. Pay attention to balanced fertilization. During the fruiting stage, the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium differs from the earlier growth phase. At this time, more potassium is required, while phosphorus demand remains stable, and nitrogen demand increases but should remain lower than potassium. Many farmers mistakenly believe that urea and ammonium bicarbonate can enhance fruit development, assuming that higher fertilizer application leads to higher yields. This often results in excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, and insufficient potassium, leading to poor soil health, nutrient imbalance, and increased susceptibility to diseases. For example, excessive nitrogen can cause thick, dark green leaves, curled or deformed fruits, and salt-like symptoms. Too much phosphorus may lead to deficiencies in zinc, iron, and magnesium, as phosphate can bind with these elements in the soil, reducing their availability. A lack of potassium can result in scorched leaf edges, cracked fruits, reduced sugar content, poor flavor, and early plant aging.
To avoid these issues, fertilization during the fruiting stage should follow the principle of small, frequent applications, with emphasis on potassium. If trace elements are needed, foliar spraying is an effective method.
2. Proper temperature and moisture management in the greenhouse is crucial. As temperatures rise, symptoms like cucumber browning or tomato umbilical rot may occur, often due to iron deficiency. Rapid temperature changes can disrupt water absorption and calcium transport in plants, causing calcium deficiency at the top. Adjust greenhouse temperatures carefully to avoid fluctuations, and ensure timely watering. Apply calcium foliar sprays when necessary to prevent such issues.
3. Monitor and control pests like aphids, whiteflies, and viral diseases. As outdoor temperatures increase, the population of virus-carrying pests rises, making pest control essential. Implement the following measures: 1) Install fine mesh insect nets on all ventilation openings to prevent pests from entering. 2) Set up a disinfection pool at the entrance, using quicklime to disinfect footwear. 3) Prepare a disinfectant solution (0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate) for use before entering the greenhouse. 4) Control aphids and whiteflies by spraying 25% Actara at a dilution of 7,500–10,000 times, which helps prevent the spread of viral diseases effectively.