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Feeding of wild geese
As a large-scale migratory bird, geese consist of eight species, belonging to the swan and duck families. They are classified as a nationally protected wild migratory species. These herbivorous waterfowl inhabit rivers and tidal flats, migrating north to breed and south to winter. With proper artificial breeding techniques, geese can provide significant economic and social benefits. Below are the key methods for their farming and management.
(1) Raising and managing young geese: Before hatching, preparations should begin one month in advance. The brooding area must be disinfected and well-ventilated. In early spring, young geese should be kept in a greenhouse with dry straw spread on the floor. For large-scale farms, it's recommended to build a wooden frame 80 cm high and 1 m wide, covered with rigid plastic mesh to keep the feathers dry and maintain hygiene, reducing the risk of disease. Temperature control is crucial during this period. Too hot, and they may suffer from heat stress; too cold, and they can catch a chill. The ideal temperature starts at 27–29°C for the first three days, then decreases by 1°C every two days. By day 10, if the weather is warm, young geese can be taken outside for 30 minutes at noon. Sun-drying helps kill bacteria and promotes healthy growth. However, if the outdoor temperature exceeds 30°C, they should be brought back inside. Maintaining clean conditions is also essential—disinfecting the area with lime powder or disinfectant every three days. Feeding should be timely, with cold water mixed with a bit of sugar for the first feed. A mix of green feed and concentrated feed is best. Since their appetite is small, feeding frequently in small portions ensures they eat continuously without going hungry. After 20 days, grazing becomes the main feeding method, based on weather conditions. Young geese should avoid getting wet in the rain to prevent illness. At night, lights should remain on to compensate for the lack of natural light.
(2) Feeding and managing growing geese: By 40 days old, geese typically weigh over 2 kg and start flying at around 60 days. This is a period of rapid growth and strong appetite. They should have continuous access to food during the day and be given concentrated feed at night. During this time, geese develop strong immunity and are less affected by weather changes. As waterfowl, they thrive in areas with both water and grass. As temperatures rise, regular access to water is important. It’s best to raise them in such environments, especially in summer when they can graze on dewy grass in the morning and return to shelter before sunset, which supports their development.
(3) Breeding and managing adult geese: Around five months after being raised, geese enter their second molt, developing luxurious feathers and improved flight abilities, capable of flying over 250 kilometers. At this stage, breeding can begin. Select males and females that are large, have good plumage, and strong flying skills. Others can be raised as commercial geese. A male-to-female ratio of 1:3 is ideal. Wild geese do not lay eggs in their first year, but in captivity, they usually start laying eggs between March and May in their second year, producing about 25 eggs annually. Their diet should focus on concentrated feed rich in nutrients, including corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, bone meal, and fish meal. One month before egg-laying, geese should receive a gosling lice vaccine to ensure their health and successful reproduction.