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Analysis of Causes of Brooding Death Caused by Farmhouse Chicken Breeding
In recent years, with the implementation of China's reform and opening-up policies and the effective regulation of the market economy, the number of specialized chicken farming households has been steadily increasing. However, many farmers are still facing challenges, particularly in brooding efficiency and high mortality rates among chicks. This issue is widespread and has led to a decline in some farmers' enthusiasm for raising chickens. To address these problems, improve breeding efficiency, and promote sustainable development in rural chicken farming, this article provides an analysis based on practical experience and the specific conditions of farm-based chicken rearing.
Firstly, improper brooding temperature is a major factor affecting chick survival. Maintaining the right temperature is crucial for successful brooding. Many small-scale farmers use simple tools like cardboard boxes or baskets for brooding, which makes it difficult to regulate temperature effectively. If the temperature is too high, chicks may suffer from heat stress, reduced appetite, and increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases. Conversely, if the temperature is too low, chicks tend to huddle together, which can lead to suffocation or death. Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can also weaken their immune systems, leading to higher chances of disease.
Secondly, inadequate disease prevention measures contribute significantly to high mortality rates. Chicks have underdeveloped immune systems and are more vulnerable to infections. However, many farmers neglect proper hygiene and vaccination schedules. Common mistakes include not disinfecting equipment before brooding, delaying vaccinations, and using antibiotics improperly. These practices increase the risk of outbreaks of diseases such as Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and coccidiosis. Timely and proper preventive measures are essential to ensure healthy growth and reduce losses.
Thirdly, poor nutrition due to monotonous feed types is another key issue. Many farmers rely on basic grains like corn, wheat, or leftover food, which lack essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. This leads to slow growth, weak immunity, and even nutritional deficiencies. It is important to formulate balanced, full-price feed that meets the nutritional needs of different stages of chick development, ensuring optimal growth and health.
Fourthly, poor hygiene in chicken coops increases the risk of disease transmission. Accumulated waste, damp conditions, and lack of regular cleaning create a favorable environment for pathogens and parasites. This can lead to outbreaks of diseases and higher mortality. Regular cleaning, proper waste disposal, and routine disinfection are necessary to maintain a healthy living environment for the chicks.
Fifthly, drug poisoning is a serious concern. The misuse of antibiotics, especially drugs like furazolidone, can be harmful. Overuse or incorrect administration can result in acute or chronic poisoning. Additionally, contaminated feed or water can also cause illness. Proper medication management and attention to feed quality are crucial to prevent such issues.
Lastly, external threats such as rats, dogs, and other animals often pose a danger to free-range or semi-free-range chicken farming. These predators can cause significant losses. Implementing effective measures to control these pests is essential to protect the flock and reduce mortality during the brooding period.
By addressing these factors through better management, improved hygiene, proper nutrition, and effective disease prevention, farmers can enhance the success of their chicken farming operations and sustain long-term profitability.