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Astragalus Hatchery Disease Prevention and Control Technology
Astragalus membranaceus, a well-known aquaculture species developed in recent years, is not only consumed as food but also holds significant medicinal value. This species is widely distributed across China, excluding the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Currently, its cultivation is progressing rapidly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and southern regions, offering great market potential and high economic returns. One unique characteristic of Astragalus is its sexual reversal phenomenon: females typically measure 30–60 cm in length, while males are generally over 60 cm. Below 30 cm from the female body, the sex can be determined based on body size.
**Incubation of Astragalus**
When collecting eggs, if the quantity is small, they can be placed in open containers such as cylinders or tubs for hatching. For large quantities, it’s best to use non-toxic hatcheries or incubators. The water used during incubation should be clean and fresh, ideally from unpolluted river sources. Water changes must be frequent to maintain freshness and oxygen levels. Microfluidic systems can also be employed to enhance hatching conditions. Temperature control is crucial—ideally kept between 20–30°C. When changing water, the temperature difference should not exceed 2°C. If fertilized eggs are detected, they should be treated immediately. A common method is soaking them in a 1/150,000 malachite green solution for 10–15 minutes, or using methylene blue for disinfection. Treatments should be done every two days initially, then daily, with full water replacement each time. Under optimal conditions (25–30°C), fertilized eggs usually hatch within 5–7 days. Once the yolk sac disappears (4–7 days after hatching), the fry should be transferred to a rearing system for further growth.
**Disease Control and Medication**
Artificially farmed Astragalus is prone to various diseases, including Saprolegnia, capillary nematode disease, bacterial skin infections, enteritis, and others. Early detection is key, as symptoms often become apparent too late for effective treatment. Therefore, aquaculture practices should follow the principle of "prevention first, treatment second." Key strategies include maintaining a clean environment, proper disinfection, and good management. Here are some common disease control methods:
1. **Saprolegnia**: Disinfect ponds with lime, avoid injuring fish during handling, and treat affected individuals with salt or potassium permanganate solutions. For salmonids, use malachite green or methylene blue.
2. **Capillary Nematode Disease**: Clean the pond thoroughly with quicklime, feed trichlorfon-laced bait, and use herbal mixtures for long-term prevention.
3. **Acanthamoebiasis**: Disinfect the pond, eliminate intermediate hosts, and treat with trichlorfon both in feed and water.
4. **Enteritis (Rotten Gut Disease)**: Maintain good feeding practices, disinfect regularly, and use sulfaguanidine or garlic-based treatments.
5. **Bacterial Skin Diseases**: Disinfect the pond, keep water clean, introduce crickets for natural control, and administer sulfathiazole.
6. **Red Skin Disease**: Avoid physical injuries, change water frequently, and apply furazolidone or bleach treatments.
7. **Wilt Disease**: Ensure proper stocking density, provide balanced nutrition, and avoid overcrowding to prevent competition.
By implementing these measures, farmers can significantly reduce disease outbreaks and improve the overall health and productivity of their Astragalus populations.