Application of urea out of the six errors

Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer, but it requires careful handling to maximize its effectiveness and avoid negative impacts on crops. First, when ammonium bicarbonate is mixed with urea and applied to the soil, it converts into ammonium nitrogen, which can be taken up by plants. However, this conversion process is significantly slower in alkaline conditions compared to acidic ones. After applying ammonium bicarbonate, the soil tends to become more basic. If both ammonium bicarbonate and urea are used together, the rate at which urea converts to ammonia slows down, increasing the risk of nitrogen loss through volatilization. Therefore, it's best to avoid mixing or applying them together. Second, applying urea directly on the soil surface without incorporating it into the soil can lead to significant nitrogen loss. At room temperature, it takes about 3 to 5 days for urea to convert into a form that plants can absorb. However, during this time, much of the nitrogen is lost as ammonia gas, especially in alkaline soils. As a result, the overall nitrogen use efficiency is only around 30%. To reduce losses, it's important to incorporate urea into the soil after application. Third, during the production of urea, a small amount of biuret is formed. When the biuret content exceeds 2%, it becomes toxic to seeds and young plants. Biuret can interfere with protein function in plant cells, leading to reduced germination rates and stunted growth. It’s important to use high-quality urea with low biuret levels, especially when applying it near seedlings. Fourth, after applying urea, it should not be immediately followed by another nitrogen fertilizer like urea-amide. Urea needs time to convert into ammonium nitrogen, which is the form that plants can absorb. This conversion depends on factors such as soil moisture, temperature, and texture, and can take anywhere from 2 to 10 days. Applying additional nitrogen too soon may lead to nutrient leaching, especially if the soil is saturated after irrigation or before heavy rain. Fifth, urea should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as lime, wood ash, or calcium magnesium phosphate. In alkaline conditions, most of the nitrogen from urea will quickly turn into ammonia gas and escape into the air, reducing its availability to plants. To maintain nitrogen efficiency, urea should be kept separate from these types of fertilizers. Lastly, although celery requires a lot of nitrogen throughout its growth cycle, it should not be top-dressed with urea. Using urea can cause the celery stalks to become tough and fibrous, leading to premature aging, slow growth, and an unpleasant bitter taste. Instead, it's better to use ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, or organic fertilizers to provide a more balanced and suitable source of nitrogen for celery.

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