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Analysis of Causes of Brooding Death Caused by Farmhouse Chicken Breeding
In recent years, with the implementation of China's reform and opening-up policies and the regulation of the market economy, the number of specialized chicken farming households has been increasing. However, many farmers are still facing challenges, particularly in brooding, where the survival rate of chicks is low and the mortality rate remains high. This issue has become a common problem that dampens farmers' enthusiasm for raising chickens. To address these problems, improve breeding efficiency, and promote the sustainable development of small-scale poultry farming, this article provides an analysis of the main causes of chick deaths based on practical experience and local conditions.
Firstly, improper brooding temperature is a major factor affecting chick survival. Maintaining an appropriate temperature is crucial for successful brooding. In rural areas, most farmers use simple equipment like cardboard boxes or baskets for brooding. While some have better facilities such as infrared heating or coal stoves, it is still difficult to maintain the right temperature consistently. If the temperature is too high, chicks may suffer from heat stress, reduced appetite, and respiratory issues. Conversely, if the temperature is too low, chicks may huddle together, leading to suffocation or even death. Prolonged exposure to unsuitable temperatures can also weaken their immune systems, making them more susceptible to diseases.
Secondly, inadequate disease prevention measures contribute significantly to chick mortality. Chicks have underdeveloped immune systems and are highly vulnerable to infections. However, many farmers neglect proper hygiene and vaccination schedules. For example, they often fail to disinfect equipment before brooding, delay vaccinations, or do not follow recommended protocols for diseases like Newcastle disease or coccidiosis. Additionally, improper use of antibiotics and lack of rotation can lead to drug resistance and higher mortality rates. Therefore, strict attention to sanitation, timely immunization, and proper medication use are essential to prevent disease outbreaks.
Thirdly, poor nutrition due to monotonous feed types is another critical issue. Many farmers rely on basic feeds like corn, wheat, or leftover food, which lack essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This leads to slow growth, weakened immunity, and even nutritional deficiencies in chicks. To address this, farmers should formulate balanced diets based on the specific needs of different stages of chick development and available local feed resources.
Fourthly, poor hygiene in chicken coops plays a significant role in disease transmission. Accumulated litter, moisture, and feces create ideal environments for pathogens and parasites to thrive. Regular cleaning, waste removal, and disinfection are necessary to maintain a healthy environment and reduce disease risks.
Fifthly, drug poisoning is a growing concern. Overuse or misuse of medications like furazolidone can lead to acute or chronic poisoning in chicks. It is important to mix drugs properly in feed and water, avoid over-concentration, and ensure safe usage. Additionally, contaminated feed or water can also cause illness, so careful monitoring of feed quality and water sources is essential.
Lastly, external threats such as rodents, dogs, and wild animals often damage chicken houses and attack young birds. Strengthening physical barriers and regularly inspecting the premises can help prevent such incidents.
By addressing these factors—temperature control, disease prevention, nutrition, hygiene, medication safety, and predator control—farmers can significantly improve chick survival rates and enhance the overall success of their chicken farming operations.