Integrated Roughness Profilometer Roughness Profilometer, also known as surface roughness meter, surface smoothness meter, surface roughness tester, roughness measurement meter, roughness tester, and other names. It has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, easy operation, portability, and stable operation. It can be widely used for the detection of various metal and non-metal processing surfaces. This instrument is a pocket instrument that integrates sensors and hosts, with handheld characteristics, making it more suitable for use in production sites. The exterior design is sturdy and durable, with significant resistance to electromagnetic interference, in line with current design trends. The application fields of roughness meters include: Integrated Roughness Profilometer,Integrated Roughness Profiler, Measuring Instrument,High Speed Profilometer Zhejiang dexun instrument technology co., ltd , https://www.dexunmeasuring.com
1. Mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, mainly metal processing and manufacturing. Roughness meters were originally developed to detect the surface roughness of machined parts. Especially, stylus type roughness measuring instruments are more suitable for detecting hard metal surfaces. For example, the automotive parts processing and manufacturing industry, the mechanical parts processing and manufacturing industry, and so on. As long as these processing and manufacturing industries involve the surface quality of workpieces, the detection application of roughness meters is essential.
2. In the non-metallic processing and manufacturing industry, with the progress and development of technology, more and more new materials are applied to processing processes, such as ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, etc. Some bearings are now made of special ceramic materials, and pump valves are made of polyethylene materials. These materials have a hard texture, and some applications can replace metal materials to make workpieces. During production and processing, their surface roughness also needs to be tested.
3. With the continuous strengthening and improvement of the technology and functions of roughness meters, as well as their in-depth promotion and application, more and more industries have been found to require roughness detection. In addition to mechanical processing and manufacturing, roughness evaluation is also required in the production and processing of power, communication, electronics, such as couplings on switches, integrated circuit semiconductors, and even stationery, tableware, and other products used in people's daily lives The surface roughness of human teeth needs to be tested.
Application of urea out of the six errors
Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer, but its application requires careful consideration to maximize efficiency and avoid negative effects on crops. First, when ammonium bicarbonate is mixed with urea and applied to the soil, it converts into ammonium nitrogen, which crops can absorb. However, this conversion occurs more slowly in alkaline conditions compared to acidic ones. After applying ammonium bicarbonate, the soil tends to become basic, which further slows down the conversion of urea into ammonia. This can lead to significant nitrogen loss through volatilization. Therefore, it's best to avoid mixing urea with ammonium bicarbonate or applying them together.
Second, spreading urea directly on the soil surface is not recommended. At room temperature, it takes about 3 to 5 days for urea to convert into a form that plants can absorb. However, during this time, a large portion of the nitrogen may be lost as ammonia gas, especially in alkaline soils. The overall nitrogen use efficiency is only around 30%, and in alkaline conditions, the loss increases even further. To reduce this risk, urea should be incorporated into the soil rather than left on the surface.
Third, during the production of urea, a small amount of biuret is formed. If the biuret content exceeds 2%, it can be toxic to seeds and young plants. Biuret interferes with protein function, leading to reduced germination rates and stunted growth in seedlings. It’s important to ensure that the urea used is of high quality and contains low levels of biuret, especially when applying it near sensitive crops or during early growth stages.
Fourth, after applying urea, it needs time to convert into ammonium nitrogen before being absorbed by plants. This process depends on factors like soil moisture, temperature, and texture, and can take between 2 to 10 days. If urea is applied immediately after irrigation or before heavy rain, it may dissolve too quickly and be washed away, reducing its effectiveness. It's better to apply urea when the soil is dry enough to allow proper incorporation and slow release.
Fifth, urea should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as lime, wood ash, or calcium magnesium phosphate. In alkaline conditions, most of the nitrogen in urea will convert to ammonia gas and escape into the air, leading to significant losses. To maintain nitrogen efficiency, it's best to apply urea separately from these types of fertilizers.
Lastly, although celery requires a lot of nitrogen throughout its growth cycle, it is not suitable for topdressing with urea. Applying urea can cause the celery stalks to become tough and fibrous, leading to premature aging, slower growth, and an undesirable bitter taste. Instead, celery benefits more from using ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, or organic fertilizers, which provide a more balanced and gentle supply of nutrients.