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Midsummer manages jujube trees
At present, the management of red dates has entered a critical phase focused on fruit preservation, increasing yield, improving quality, and boosting farmers' income. Some jujube growers mistakenly believe that once the fruit has set, their work is done. However, midsummer is actually a crucial growth period for jujube trees, and proper attention to detail is essential to ensure a successful harvest.
One key task during this time is applying fruit-promoting fertilizer. Since spring, jujube trees have gone through multiple physiological stages such as budding, flowering, fruit setting, and more, all of which consume significant nutrients. Now that the fruit has set, young fruits still require a lot of nourishment. Applying fertilizer at this stage can greatly support fruit development. It's important to choose the right type of fertilizer, as it directly affects fruit quality and preservation. Typically, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers are used, with foliar sprays providing additional nitrogen. Fertilizer should be spread around the base of the tree under the canopy, watered in after application or applied before rain.
As July arrives, the rainy season begins, marking the start of flood prevention efforts. Drought and flooding are two major threats that can damage both yield and quality. Jujube farmers must closely monitor weather changes and prepare drainage ditches in advance to manage water levels effectively—watering during dry periods and draining excess water when needed.
Another important aspect is careful care of the tree’s wounds. Some inexperienced farmers may make mistakes during pruning, leaving open wounds that fail to heal properly. If not treated, these wounds can lead to severe damage or even death of the tree. To address this, first identify the cause of the wound. Remove any harmful insects and apply a mixture of fungicide and mud to the affected area. Cover it with tape to promote healing and prevent infection.
Summer brings heavy rainfall, leading to rapid weed growth, which can reduce soil aeration and nutrient availability. Weeding is essential to maintain healthy soil conditions. Additionally, to protect the trees from wind damage, bamboo supports, branch ties, and top branches should be secured during the fruit expansion phase.
Thinning fruit and removing suckers is also crucial. Removing unwanted growth from the base of the tree helps distribute nutrients more efficiently. For trees with excessive fruit, manual thinning is necessary to balance the load. The process involves removing small, damaged, or misshapen fruits first, then spacing out dense clusters. Strong trees can carry 1–2 fruits per cluster, medium trees 1.5–2, and weak ones 2–3.
July and August are peak months for pest and disease outbreaks. Common pests include red spider mites, jujube aphids, peach fruit borers, cotton bollworms, and others. Farmers should use a combination of methods—such as insecticidal lamps, sticky traps, and chemical treatments—for effective control. Diseases like jujube rust, anthracnose, and leaf spot can be managed by spraying Bordeaux mixture before July 20th, followed by targeted treatments based on specific disease types.
Proper midsummer management is vital for ensuring a high-quality and abundant jujube harvest. By focusing on these key areas, farmers can maximize their yields and maintain the health of their orchards.