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Late management of rapeseed
Due to unfavorable weather conditions or the lingering effects of previous crops, the sowing of rapeseed has been delayed. This late planting poses significant challenges for achieving high yields, particularly in terms of autumn and winter growth. Delayed planting can lead to poor vegetative development and nutrient imbalances, making it crucial to implement proper winter management strategies.
Winter is a critical period for late-planted rapeseed, as effective care during this time can significantly influence yield potential. Research shows that even late-planted rapeseed can achieve high yields if managed properly throughout the winter. Key management practices include:
**Early Seedling Management:**
Late-planted rapeseed tends to grow slowly, so it's essential to apply early fertilization to promote healthy development. At the seedling stage, rapeseed absorbs about 45% of its total nitrogen, 50% of phosphorus, and 43% of potassium—nearly half of the total fertilizer needs. After transplanting, it's important to apply a timely top-dressing. A typical recommendation includes 2.5–5 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium chloride, 300–500 g of boron fertilizer, and 10–20 tons of manure water per mu. Applying two rounds of top-dressing helps make the most of available winter sunlight and temperature, encouraging early growth and leaf development, which are essential for high yields.
**Wax Fertilization:**
Because late-planted rapeseed often has small, weak seedlings with limited cold tolerance, applying wax fertilizer in mid-December is beneficial. The fertilizer should be organic-based, such as 25 tons of pig or cattle manure per mu, 12 kg of boron, and 10–15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Mix these evenly between the rows and combine with ditching and soil covering to reduce nutrient loss and protect against frost.
**Soil Cultivation:**
Delayed planting can result in stunted growth and increased weed competition. Early soil cultivation improves aeration, warms the soil, and promotes root development. Cultivation should be done in stages, following the "three shallow and three deep" principle: shallow when the plants are young, deeper when they mature; shallow for pods, deeper for rows; shallow for sandy soils, deeper for clayey fields.
**Controlling Early Bolting:**
Late-planted rapeseed may suffer from early bolting and flowering due to weak nutrition before winter. To prevent this, several measures can be taken. For well-developed fields, deep cultivation near the base (7–10 cm) can cut part of the roots and temporarily slow growth. In poorly developed fields, applying nitrogen fertilizer after the plant starts to flower can help delay vegetative growth and increase branching. Additionally, pruning the apical parts of the plant in advance can redirect nutrients to lower branches, postponing flowering. After pruning, nitrogen should be applied to stimulate further growth.
Proper winter management not only compensates for delayed planting but also ensures better growth and higher productivity in the long run. With careful attention and timely interventions, even late-planted rapeseed can thrive and deliver excellent results.