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Lily pollution-free planting techniques
Daylily, also known as the "golden flower," is a perennial herb belonging to the Liliaceae family. It is widely cultivated for its edible flower buds, which are not only delicious but also rich in essential nutrients. Daylily is known for its brain-boosting properties, diuretic effects, beauty benefits, kidney nourishment, cancer prevention, and blood pressure reduction. As a nutritious and healthful vegetable, it has become a popular choice among health-conscious consumers.
To improve the quality and yield of daylily while meeting green agricultural standards and achieving pollution-free cultivation, modern techniques have been developed. These methods ensure better growth, higher productivity, and superior product quality. Below are the key steps involved in cultivating high-quality daylily:
First, selecting the right variety is crucial for high yield and good quality. The selected varieties should be fast-growing, disease-resistant, and able to produce strong flower buds. Some of the commonly used varieties include:
1. **Tongfeng Daylily** – Originating from Tongliang County in Chongqing, this variety matures in about 196 days. It has tall, straight leaves and produces 60–100 flowers per plant. The buds are 10–11 cm long and have a dry rate of 22%. It is known for its strong disease resistance and high yield, producing around 250 kg of dried flowers per mu (667 square meters).
2. **Tongchuan Early Daylily** – A variety from Sichuan’s Tongchuan area, this one matures faster, taking about 155 days. Its buds are yellow when fresh and turn golden after drying. With a dry rate of 18%, it yields approximately 170 kg of dried flowers per mu.
Second, when preparing seedlings, choose healthy, vigorous plants without pests or diseases. When digging up rhizomes, remove old roots and keep only 1–2 new roots, cutting them to about 10 cm in length. Each rhizome should have 2–4 buds for optimal growth.
Third, site preparation is essential. Before planting, the soil should be deeply tilled to more than 35 cm. In paddy fields, proper irrigation and drainage systems must be established. Apply base fertilizer before planting, using well-decomposed manure and organic compost. Planting trenches should be 30 cm deep, with mature soil placed on top.
Fourth, planting density plays a key role in maximizing yield. On fertile land, plant 16,000–20,000 holes per mu, with wide rows (100 cm) and narrow rows (60 cm). Each hole should contain 2–4 rhizomes, spaced 40–50 cm apart. After planting, water the roots thoroughly and cover with ash to retain moisture.
Fifth, scientific management includes proper irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting. During spring, ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogging. In hot and dry periods, maintain soil moisture to extend the harvest season. Fertilize in three stages: early spring, during flowering, and in winter. Use organic and chemical fertilizers as needed to support plant growth and increase yield.
Sixth, pest and disease control is vital. Common diseases include leaf spot, rust, and leaf blight, while pests such as red spiders, aphids, and beetles can damage the plants. Control measures should focus on prevention, using biological and cultural methods where possible, and chemical treatments only when necessary. For example, chlorothalonil or mancozeb can be used to treat leaf spot, while bio-pesticides are effective against aphids and mites.
Finally, harvesting should be done carefully. The best time is between 12 PM and 2 PM, when the buds are fully formed but not yet open. Overly early or late harvesting can affect quality and market value. Always handle the buds gently and use clean containers to prevent contamination.
By following these techniques, farmers can grow high-quality daylily that meets modern agricultural standards and provides nutritional benefits to consumers.