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Bean purifying and rejuvenating method
The degraded varieties of beans often exhibit delayed maturity, low yield, and poor quality. To restore their quality and vigor, a method known as purification and rejuvenation can be employed. This process involves isolating the bean plants to prevent unwanted cross-pollination. When beans are grown in an isolation area, self-pollination is predominant, with a natural hybridization rate typically below 4%. However, factors such as variety characteristics, weather conditions, or other environmental influences may cause the hybrid rate to exceed 10% in some cases. Therefore, it's essential to maintain proper isolation distances: original seed production areas should be at least 80–100 meters apart, while regular production areas need a minimum isolation distance of 20 meters.
To eliminate impurities during the selection of original seeds, breeders should focus on three key stages of removal. First, during the early flowering period, diseased, weak, or deformed plants should be removed. Second, when the first batch of pods reaches harvest readiness, any non-standard or mixed strains should be eliminated based on their physical traits. Finally, just before seed harvesting, further culling should be done by examining mature pods and seeds for consistency in appearance and quality.
Selecting high-quality pods is crucial in breeding, but this task can be challenging due to the variability among individual plants. Breeders can identify promising plants in the field and collect their seeds once they reach the harvest stage. These seeds are then mixed, threshed, and stored carefully to preserve the desired traits.
After sowing in the second year, the field should be inspected for plant performance. If the plants meet the standards of the desired variety, they can be mixed together and reserved as original seeds. Alternatively, good-quality pods can be selected individually, and the seeds from these plants can be sown separately the following year. If they continue to meet the variety requirements, they can be used for hybrid seed production or retained as original stock.
By following these careful selection and isolation practices, breeders can ensure the maintenance of pure and high-quality bean varieties over time.