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Common diseases and pests of flowers and their control
When powdery mildew occurs, a white, powdery substance appears on the surface of leaves, shoots, and flower buds. Infected plants are usually stunted, weak, with curled or deformed leaves, malformed shoots, and shriveled or non-developing flower buds. In severe cases, the leaves become dry and brittle, which significantly hinders plant growth and can lead to the death of the entire plant. The disease is often caused by overly wet soil, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, and prolonged periods of shade. To control it, ensure good air circulation, manage humidity levels, remove and burn infected leaves, and apply a small amount of sulfur powder or 0.1–0.3° Baumé lime sulfur when dew is still present—this helps prevent further spread.
Root rot typically occurs after transplanting potted plants from field excavation areas. It is commonly caused by poor transplanting techniques, bacterial infection through wounds, overwatering, soil contamination, poor ventilation, and root suffocation. Excessive fertilization can also contribute to this problem. Once roots begin to rot, the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients is impaired, leading to wilting and eventual death. To manage root rot, carefully dig up the plant, trim away the affected roots, repot in fresh soil, improve light exposure, loosen the soil, and regulate watering and fertilization to encourage recovery.
In the early stages of leaf mold development, round, purple-brown spots appear on the leaves and gradually expand. The center turns pale yellow-brown, while the edges remain dark purple-brown. The lesions show distinct concentric ring patterns. As autumn approaches, the spots turn dark brown, become brittle, and crack easily, with a dark green moldy texture. In severe cases, the lesions spread from the lower parts of the plant to the entire leaf, causing significant leaf burn that affects growth and flowering in the following year. This disease is often linked to poor management practices, such as high humidity or repeated infections after frost damage. Control involves improving cultural practices, pruning to increase air circulation, keeping the soil dry, and removing and burning diseased leaves and branches. A weekly spray of Bordeaux mixture (120–160 times dilution) or 65% zinc naphthenate (500–600 times dilution) during early spring and autumn is also effective.
The "Tianniu" pest, also known as the longicorn beetle, is active in 1–2 years. The larvae overwinter inside the trunk, emerging in spring to feed under the bark before moving into the trunk and roots. Adult beetles emerge in late May and feed on young shoots and leaves, causing serious damage to potted trees, often leading to their death. Control methods include killing adult beetles and removing eggs, using steel wires to clear infested wood, plugging entry holes with wet cotton balls, sealing them with yellow paste, or flooding the holes with water mixed with insecticide. Damaged branches should be cut and burned immediately to prevent further infestation.
Common scale insects, such as mealybugs and armored scales, feed on plant sap using their sucking mouthparts, weakening the plant and potentially causing it to wilt. Their secretions can block leaf stomata, leading to sooty mold. Early-stage control involves spraying dichlorvos at 800–1500 times dilution or manually removing the insects with a brush. Proper pruning to improve light and air circulation is also important. Aphids reproduce rapidly, producing up to 10–30 generations per year. They cluster on young shoots, sucking sap and causing curling, distortion, and the formation of galls. They also attract ants and can transmit other diseases. Control measures include spraying Leco emulsion at 1000–2000 times dilution or dichlorvos at 1500–2000 times. However, some plants like eucalyptus, arborvitae, and pomegranate are sensitive to dimethoate, so they may drop leaves after application. A 1000-times diluted solution of fish pepper can also be used for treatment.
Red spider mites thrive in hot, dry conditions and can affect nearly all potted plants. They build webs on the foliage and feed underneath, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves, which can severely impact plant growth or even lead to plant death. Control involves spraying dimethoate or dichlorvos at 1500–2000 times dilution, while also increasing air humidity to create an unfavorable environment for the mites.