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General inspection methods for footwear - wear test method
Standard for Testing the Wear Resistance of Shoe Soles and Forming Bottoms (Sheet)
1. Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the test method for evaluating the wear resistance of shoe soles and forming bottoms (sheets). It is applicable to the assessment of wear resistance for these materials.
2. Principle
A rotating grinding wheel is pressed vertically onto the sample, and the sample undergoes an abrasion test under a specific load, speed, and time. The length of the wear scar on the sample is then measured.
3. Sample
3.1 The samples can be complete shoes, soles, or flat test pieces with a thickness of at least 6 mm.
3.2 Each group of samples should consist of no fewer than four shoes, soles, or sheets.
3.3 Pretreatment of the samples: Remove any surface layer that may affect the test results. The surface of the sample must be flat, and it should be placed in the testing chamber for more than 4 hours.
4. Test Equipment
4.1 The wear tester must meet the following conditions:
4.1.1 The grinding wheel is a T12 steel wheel with a diameter of ∅20±0.1 mm, 72 teeth, a tooth angle of 90° ±5°, a tip width of 0.2±0.05 mm, a tip roughness of Ra=3.2 μm, a hardness of HRC≥55, and a coaxiality of 0.03 mm.
4.1.2 The grinding wheel speed can be adjusted within the range of 100~300 r/min.
4.1.3 The grinding wheel rotates clockwise, operates stably, and has a radial runout not exceeding 0.05 mm.
4.1.4 The load between the grinding wheel and the sample is adjustable up to 19.6 N.
4.1.5 The grinding wheel should be inspected annually.
4.1.6 The test time is automatically controlled with an accuracy of 0.1 min.
4.1.7 The balance range is 2000 g with an accuracy of 5 g.
4.2 A vernier caliper with a division of 0.02 mm is used for measurement.
5. Test Conditions
5.1 The load is 4.9 N (special requirements can select up to 19.6 N).
5.2 The grinding wheel speed is 191±5 r/min (special requirements can be selected within the allowable range of the testing machine).
5.3 The test time is 20 minutes continuously (special requirements can be selected).
5.4 The ambient temperature is room temperature.
6. Test Procedure
6.1 Adjust all parts of the testing machine to normal, and let the grinding wheel run for 20 minutes.
6.2 Fasten the sample to the left end of the balance with the sole facing up, ensuring the wear area is level.
6.3 Adjust the grinding position so that it aligns with the flat surface of the specimen (the area is sufficient for abrasion). The position of the grinding wheel must be at the upper left of the sample holder.
6.4 Balance both ends of the scale (the pointer points to zero). Add the required weight to the right end of the balance (if the load is 4.9 N, add 500 g). At this point, the contact load between the sample and the grinding wheel is the specified value.
6.5 Adjust the height of the grinding wheel so that the balance pointer points to zero, then tighten the grinding wheel shaft.
6.6 Adjust the start time to the desired value.
6.7 Start the machine, adjust the grinding wheel speed to the specified value, and clear the time display; the test officially begins.
6.8 After the testing machine stops automatically according to the specified time, measure the length of the wear marks on both sides using a caliper.
6.9 If sulfur is found during the test, stop the test immediately. Wash the contaminated grinding wheel with an organic solvent.
7. Test Results
7.1 The test results are expressed in millimeters of the length of the wear scar, with one decimal place as the effective number.
7.2 Conduct the test at least two points per sample and take the arithmetic mean of two data sets. If the wear scar is trapezoidal, the long side should not exceed 10% of the short side.
7.3 The maximum allowable deviation for each test data is ±10%. If there are multiple deviations, retesting is required.
7.4 The test results for each sample are recorded separately.
8. Test Report
8.1 Indicate that the test was conducted according to this standard.
8.2 Include the sample number, name, specification, grade, sole material, manufacturer or inspection unit, and the location of wear.
8.3 Describe the pretreatment of the samples and their conditions.
8.4 Record the test load, grinding wheel speed, wear time, and laboratory temperature.
8.5 Present the test results.
8.6 Include the name of the test personnel and the date of the test.