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Common diseases and pests of flowers and their control
When powdery mildew appears, a white, powdery substance begins to form on the leaves, shoots, and flower buds. Affected plants become stunted, weak, with curled or deformed leaves, malformed shoots, and shriveled or non-developing flower buds. In severe cases, the leaves dry up and fall off, which can ultimately lead to the death of the entire plant. The disease is typically caused by excessive moisture in the soil, overuse of nitrogen-rich fertilizers, and prolonged periods of shade. To manage the issue, it's important to improve air circulation, control humidity, remove infected leaves, and burn them properly. When dew is still present, applying a small amount of sulfur powder or a 0.1–0.3° Baumé lime sulfur solution can help prevent further spread.
Root rot often occurs when plants are transplanted from field beds into pots. This condition is usually due to poor transplanting techniques, bacterial infections through wounds, overwatering, contaminated soil, poor ventilation, or root suffocation. Excessive fertilization can also contribute to root rot. Once the roots begin to rot, the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients is impaired, leading to wilting and eventual plant death. To address this, carefully dig up the affected plant, trim away the rotten roots, and replant it in fresh, well-draining soil. Improve light exposure, loosen the soil, and regulate watering and fertilization to aid recovery.
In the early stages of leaf mold development, round, purple-brown spots appear on the leaves and gradually expand. The center of the lesions turns pale yellow-brown, while the edges remain purplish-brown. These spots often show distinct concentric rings. By autumn, the lesions darken, become brittle, and crack easily, with a dark green moldy texture. In severe cases, the disease spreads across the entire leaf, causing extensive damage that affects growth and flowering in the following year. The disease is commonly linked to poor management practices, such as high humidity or repeated outbreaks after frost. Prevention involves proper pruning, maintaining good air circulation, keeping the soil dry, and removing infected leaves and branches. Spraying a Bordeaux mixture (120–160 times dilution) or 65% zineb WP (500–600 times) once a week during early spring and autumn can be effective.
The "Tianniu" (likely referring to a type of longhorn beetle) appears in 1-2 years, with larvae overwintering inside the trunk. Newly hatched larvae feed under the bark before burrowing into the trunk and roots. Adults emerge in late May and feed on young shoots and leaves, causing severe damage to potted trees. Control methods include killing adult beetles and scraping eggs from the bark. You can use a steel wire to remove larvae from the wood, block entry holes with wet cotton balls, seal them with yellow paste, or flood the holes with water mixed at a 5–10 times concentration. Damaged branches should be cut and burned immediately.
Common scale insects, such as mealybugs and shield scales, feed on plant sap using their sucking mouthparts, weakening the plant and potentially causing it to wilt. Their secretions can clog leaf stomata, leading to sooty mold. Early control involves spraying dichlorvos at 800–1500 times dilution or manually removing the insects with a brush. Proper pruning to enhance light and air circulation is also essential.
Aphids reproduce rapidly, producing 10–30 generations per year. They gather on young shoots, feeding on sap and causing curling, shrinking, and deformation of leaves, as well as the formation of galls. They also attract ants and may spread other diseases. Control measures include spraying Leco-emulsion at 1000–2000 times dilution or dichlorvos at 1500–2000 times. However, certain plants like eucalyptus, arborvitae, and pomegranate are sensitive to dimethoate, so they may drop leaves after application. A 1000-times diluted fish vine solution can be used as an alternative.
Red spider mites thrive in hot, dry conditions and can affect almost all potted plants. They build webs on plants and feed underneath, causing yellowing and decline in foliage, which can eventually kill the plant. Control involves spraying dimethoate or dichlorvos at 1500–2000 times dilution, along with increasing air humidity to create a less favorable environment for the mites.