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Lily pollution-free planting techniques
Daylily, also known as the day lily, is a perennial herb belonging to the Liliaceae family. It is widely cultivated and consumed for its tender flower buds, which are rich in essential nutrients. This vegetable not only supports brain health and promotes diuresis but also helps in improving skin appearance, nourishing the kidneys, preventing cancer, and lowering blood pressure. As a nutritious and healthy food, it has gained popularity among consumers seeking natural and wholesome options.
To ensure high-quality and high-yield daylily production while meeting green agriculture standards and achieving pollution-free cultivation, the following techniques are recommended:
**1. Selection of High-Quality Varieties**
Choosing the right variety is crucial for successful daylily farming. The selected varieties should be high-yielding, disease-resistant, and fast-growing. Some popular types include:
- **Tongfeng Daylily**: Originating from Tongliang County in Chongqing, this variety has a medium maturity period of 196 days. It features straight, pale green leaves measuring 91–110 cm in length and 19–20 mm in width. It produces 60–100 flowers per plant, with harvesting taking place from early June to late September. The buds are 10–11 cm long and 6–8 mm thick, with a dry rate of 22%. It exhibits strong resistance to diseases and drought, producing about 250 kg of dried flowers per 667 square meters.
- **Tongchuan Early Daylily**: A variety from Sichuan’s Tongchuan region, it matures quickly, with a growth cycle of 155 days. Its yellow buds grow to 11.5–13 cm in length and turn golden after drying. With a dry rate of 18%, it yields around 170 kg of dried flowers per 667 square meters.
**2. Seedling Preparation**
Healthy seedlings are essential for successful planting. Select robust plants free from pests and diseases. When digging up rhizomes, remove excess soil, old roots, and damaged parts, leaving only 1–2 new roots. Each rhizome should have 2–4 buds and be cut to about 10 cm in length before transplanting.
**3. Field Preparation**
Before planting, the field should be deeply plowed to a depth of over 35 cm. Level the soil and create proper drainage systems, especially in paddy fields. Apply base fertilizer such as well-rotted manure before planting. Digging trenches 30 cm deep and filling them with organic fertilizer ensures good nutrient supply for the plants.
**4. Planting Density and Technique**
Planting density varies depending on the soil fertility. In fertile areas, 16,000–20,000 holes per 667 square meters are recommended. Use alternating wide and narrow rows (100 cm and 60 cm respectively), with each hole containing 2–4 rhizomes. Ensure a spacing of 40–50 cm between holes and 10–15 cm between individual plants. After planting, water the roots thoroughly and cover with ash to retain moisture.
**5. Scientific Management**
- **Irrigation and Drainage**: Maintain proper drainage in spring to avoid waterlogging. During hot and dry periods, provide timely irrigation to keep the soil moist and extend the harvest season.
- **Fertilization**: Apply fertilizers in stages—before spring sprouting, during flowering, and in winter. Use decomposed manure, bio-organic fertilizer, or compound fertilizer based on the growth stage.
- **Harvesting**: Harvest buds between 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM when they are fully mature but not yet open. Avoid damaging the buds, and use clean containers to maintain quality.
**6. Pest and Disease Control**
Common diseases include leaf spot, rust, and leaf blight, while pests like red spiders, aphids, and beetles may also occur. Use integrated pest management strategies, including biological controls, physical barriers, and minimal chemical intervention. For example, spray 75% chlorothalonil at 600 times dilution for leaf spot, and use bio-pesticides for spider mites and aphids.
By following these comprehensive techniques, farmers can achieve sustainable and high-quality daylily cultivation, ensuring both economic benefits and environmental protection.