At present, broiler feeding is generally adopted by any chicken for free food intake and day and night feeding. Although this feeding method divides the feed supply, it does not limit the intake of food, and it does not attach importance to the cultivation of broiler constitution, resulting in the growth of broilers. In the late stage, various diseases such as ascites, itching, and leg diseases are prone to occur. If the growth period of broilers is divided into three stages for differential feeding and management, the occurrence of the aforementioned diseases can be effectively avoided, thereby greatly increasing the economic benefits of feeding and reducing the cost of feeding.
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The division of the first and third stages According to the physiological characteristics of broilers, the hatched chicks are short and thin, and the body temperature is about 3°C ​​lower than that of the adult chickens. The body temperature gradually increases after 4 days and reaches the body temperature of adult chickens at 10 days of age. Chicks have a small gastrointestinal volume, poor digestion of food, but rapid growth and development. Therefore, based on these physiological characteristics and growth laws, the broiler breeding management can be divided into the following three stages: the first phase of 0 to 14 days of age; the second phase of 15 to 25 days of age; the third phase of 36 days of age to Slaughter.
Second, the main points of feeding technology at each stage The first stage: At this stage, as the chicks are just transferred from the hatchery to the brooding room, some chickens are stored or transported for long distances, and they are subjected to stress such as hunger and thirst, and are in a new life. Environment, therefore, the main point of feeding and management at this stage is to adapt the chicks to a new living environment as soon as possible, reduce stress, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and increase the growth rate. Because the 7-day-old body weight of broilers has a large positive correlation with the slaughter weight.
The second stage: At this stage, the chicks have basically adapted to the new living environment and gradually enter the period of rapid growth. Therefore, the main task of this stage is to improve the chick's constitution, promote the formation of the chicken body frame, promote the development of internal organs of the broiler and the robustness of the legs, lay a solid foundation for the next stage of growth and development, and promote rapid growth and development in the later period. Illness. Experiments have shown that limiting the feeding of broilers after 14 days of age to 3 weeks can significantly increase the effective utilization of feed and the survival rate of broilers. The suppression of broiler growth at this stage can be fully and effectively compensated in the third stage.
The third stage: At this stage, the body of the broiler has been formed, and the body is robust and the metabolism is strong. The main technical point at this time is to take all effective measures to promote the intake and digestion and absorption of broilers, reduce body consumption, and maximize the conversion rate of feedstuffs.
Third, the specific stages of feeding and management measures The first stage: to provide chicks with high quality adequate drinking water (preferably 18 ~ 22 °C warm water), and to provide small, easy to digest and absorb the full price of formulated feed. The amount of feed added is preferably 1/3 to 1/2 of the volume of the trough. The first day uses 24 hours of light, light intensity of 4 watts per square meter, and then gradually reduce the lighting time until the transition to natural light. Experiments show that gradual reduction of the light pattern gradually increases the visceral organ development and bone calcification of the broiler to a certain extent, so that the broiler maintains a good health condition, and at the same time, it can also bring about the compensatory growth of the broiler at the later stage. Reduce the incidence of disease.
The second stage: According to the growth of broilers, properly increase the feed particle size, reduce the energy and protein content of feed, generally can be reduced by about 10%, but the various vitamins, trace elements and minerals in the feed should be provided according to the standard requirements. . Feeding method: Feed 3 times a day regularly. Management method: mainly pay attention to exercise, such as using bamboo sticks to drive chickens at night, in order to improve the exercise of broilers, to achieve the purpose of exercising internal organs, but also reduce the stimulation of chest pressure. Appropriate increase in light intensity and duration, is conducive to exercise and reduce the incidence of disease.
The third stage: to provide high quality fattening feed, full nutrition, high energy, eggs can be more appropriate. The following three points should be noted when formulating feeds: 1. The raw materials should be diversified and low fibrosis; 2. Add 3 to 5% of animal and vegetable oils; 3. The pellet feed should be used as far as possible. The number of feedings should be increased from 3 times to 5 times, or free-to-use methods should be adopted to keep the feed in the tank to meet the requirements of free-feeding chickens. Management: In the absence of any impact on the health of the flock, reduce the amount of exercise and cooperate with low light intensity. If the density is too large, the restriction of feed intake will affect the rest of the broilers, resulting in uneven growth of the chickens. At the same time it will cause turbid indoor air and induce diseases. Therefore, the stocking density must be appropriate. Under normal circumstances, the suitable stocking density is 12-15/m2 in winter, keeping the indoor air fresh, keeping the temperature at about 18°C, and maintaining the relative temperature at about 55%.
Author: Zhejiang Online Jilin Province Da'an City Longzhi Agricultural Technology Service Station Livestock Group 