Fresh-keeping Technology of Fresh Jujube

Jujube fruit with its sweet and sour crisp, delicious fragrance, rich nutrition, welcomed by consumers, but also brought business opportunities for the majority of farmers. How to store and keep fresh jujube fruit fresh and extend the shelf life of the market is the key to higher economic efficiency.
1. Selection of Tibet-tolerant varieties There are many varieties of fresh edible jujube cultivated in China, and the storage characteristics are different due to different varieties. Early and mid-maturing varieties have poor storage and are not suitable for long-term storage, and should be purchased with the purchase to avoid losses. For some late-maturing varieties, such as winter jujube, snow jujube, etc., can be stored, extend the market sales time and grasp the market gap sales, increase prices, increase revenue. Generally late-maturing varieties can be stored under natural conditions at room temperature for 5 to 7 days. Under the conditions of scientific management and low temperature, some varieties (such as Xuecheng Dongzao and Zhanhua Dongzao) can reach a shelf life of more than nine months.
2. Pre-harvest Management (1) Reducing Pesticide Pollution: Strictly control the amount of pesticide applied, and try to use low concentrations to prevent and control pests and diseases within the range of effective concentration. Generally, only limited pesticides can be used once a year, 20 days before fruit picking. The use should be stopped to ensure that there are no pesticide residues in the fruit, or there is a small amount of residues but not excessive.
(2) inhibition of ethylene metabolism: the production of ethylene in jujube fruit has a methionine pathway. Jujube fruit matured with the fruit, ethylene concentration and respiratory intensity in the fruit there is a small peak, the fruit is more sensitive to ethylene in the white mature stage, after the coloration mature ethylene insensitive. Therefore, the timely use of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors AOA (aminooxyacetic acid), AVG (aminooxyethylene glycine), is conducive to enhance the storage of fresh jujube fruit.
(3) Increased fruit firmness: Calcium can form pectinate with pectic acid in the adhesive layer of jujube fruit somatic cells, which plays an important role in maintaining fruit firmness, regulating tissue respiration, and delaying aging. Therefore, spraying the 0.2% calcium chloride solution on the canopy and jujube fruit before harvest two months can increase the calcium content of the jujube fruit, and the storage stability of the fruit is also significantly improved.
3. Ripening and picking (1) The maturity of fresh jujube fruit is closely related to the waxy film and horny film thickening of the fruit peel and the weakening of the air permeability. As a result, the respiratory quotient increases and the anaerobic respiration results in ethanol fermentation, which makes the jujube fruit mature and mature. . Therefore, fresh dates that are generally required for storage should be harvested during the reddish period.
(2) Retaining fruit stems during harvesting is an important measure to improve the storage stability of fresh dates. According to the preservation test of winter jujube, it was proved that the winter jujube without fruit stalks was wilted quickly, the stalks were easily rotted, and the storability was greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to store fresh dates, emphasizing picking with stalks.
4. Pre-cooling fresh preservative fresh fruit chain before the pre-linkage is the pre-cooling process, which is to ensure the quality of fresh jujube fruit premise, the purpose is to rapidly disperse large amounts of field heat, reduce the cold load into storage. In addition, the pre-cooling treatment can also avoid the cold damage that can easily occur due to immediate cold storage. Short-term pre-cooling of jujube fruit after harvest to 3 ~ 5 °C, can appropriately inhibit the physiological activity of jujube fruit, is an effective method to prevent browning and softening of flesh.
5. Scientifically stored in a variety of storage methods, to the best effect of air-conditioning storage, and the storage shelf life after the storage of a strong holding power.
(1) Storage temperature and humidity conditions: Storage temperature and humidity are the main factors influencing the storage effect of jujube fruit. It is advisable to adopt a temperature of 0 to 1°C and a relative humidity of 90% to 95%. The hardness and deoxygenation of the fruit after storage should be considered. The activity of the enzyme changes smoothly, the taste is good, and its flavor is maintained.
(2) Gas conditions: Atmosphere storage, high carbon dioxide, can cause fruit poisoning or anaerobic respiration, and accelerate the softening and browning of fresh dates. The suitable gas index should be 2% to 4% of carbon dioxide and 3% to 6% of oxygen.
(3) Auxiliary measures: Fresh-keeping packaging and drug treatment are necessary auxiliary measures for fresh-keeping. Fresh-keeping packaging and preservative treatment can achieve ideal results when combined with low temperature. Such as PVC punching bag packaging, calcium chloride solution processing, are all effective fresh-keeping measures for fresh jujube fruit storage.

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