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First, the rootstock scion selection Guangdong is located in the tropical and subtropical regions, tomato bacterial wilt occurs more, require rootstock varieties must be high resistance to bacterial wilt, scion can choose the market's main push of high-quality tomato varieties. The rootstocks and scion varieties used in the experiment were obtained from the F1 crossbreeding "stockstock 101" and "crown 333" which were selected by the Solanaceous Research Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences. "Rawstock 101" is highly resistant to bacterial wilt and virus disease, and "Crown 333" is a high-quality, hard fruit type stone tomato.
Second, rootstock replanting in spring sowing in the late mid-January, autumn in the first half of July sowing, scion late sowing than the rootstock one week, the use of nutrition cups or plugs can be seedlings.
Three, rootstock scion specifications used as rootstock tomato varieties, 20-25 days after sowing, with 5-6 true leaves, from the bottom of the second true leaf 2 cm above the horizontal cut, remove the upper growth point, the remaining part For rootstocks. When the scion cultivar has 4-5 true leaves, it is cut at 1 cm below the first true leaf in the lower part, and the upper growing point is taken as the scion. The lower leaves of the scion can be properly removed, leaving 2 leaves and 1 heart to keep the weight of the scion on the one hand, and it can be firmly erected on the rootstock. On the other hand, the rate of leaf surface evaporation after grafting can be appropriately reduced and the survival rate can be improved.
IV. Grafting methods
1, splicing method: remove the growing point of the rootstock, with a blade down 45 degrees oblique cutting a knife, the depth of 1/2 of the stem thicker, about 1-1.5 cm, note that can not be cut too deep, Avoid stem breakage. Both sides of the scion stalk were cut into a wedge shape with a thickness of about 0.3 cm and a length of about 1-1.5 cm. The scion is inserted into the root rinsing mouth, so that the scion and the rootstock surface are fully connected, and then clamped with a graft clip. The use of splicing method wound healing, survival rate is high. In addition, the method of grafting in the upper part of the rootstock and pulling it vertically in the stem is also very effective. In order to improve the efficiency of grafting, it is best to divide labor and collaborate. One person cuts the scion, and one person is responsible for attaching the scion to the rootstock. In order to avoid dehydration of the cut scion, it can be inserted in 50% MS medium or 0.2%-0.3. % Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for short-term preservation. When grafting, the surrounding space is surrounded by plastic film, which reduces the wind speed and prevents the grafted seedlings from air drying. The sunshade net is covered above to prevent the scion from being burned.
2, needle connection method: in the scion and rootstock have 2-3 true leaves, diameter of 2 mm for the appropriate grafting time. When grafting, the seedlings with the same scion and rootstock stem diameter were selected, and the seedlings were cut obliquely at the 1-1.5 centimeters below the cotyledons of the rootstock with a blade, and the tangential axis was at an angle of 45 degrees with the axis, and the cut surface should be smooth. Then use a splicing pen (similar to an automatic copper pen, which can hold 50-100 sterilized and pulled needles. When used, the needle can be pulled out by light pressure and a pin can be pulled out. The length of the pin is 1 /2) Insert the pin in the centerline of the cut section of the stock and insert the pin in 1/2. The remaining 1/2 insert the scion. Use the same method to cut the scion at a 45-degree angle under the scion cotyledons, and then insert the scion on the rootstock. It is required that the cuts of rootstock and scion are closely overlapped and aligned to facilitate wound healing. Grafting process should pay attention to the health of the cut, to prevent the infection of bacteria to reduce the survival rate.
5. After grafting, the survival rate of grafted seedlings is managed. In addition to the quality of grafting operations, it is more important to manage grafted seedlings. Just 3-5 days of grafting, the incision is afraid of the wind, light, and humidity. Grafting in the spring is mainly due to wind and humidity, and it is easy to survive. In the summer, it is wind, light, and temperature. The difficulty is greater. Grafting, with grafting film (or shading mesh), to maintain a certain degree of humidity and temperature. If the temperature exceeds 30°C and the relative humidity of the air is greater than 90%, proper ventilation shall be provided. After 3-5 days, allow proper light transmission.
After 5-7 days, depending on the weather and the degree of healing of the interface, grafting can be removed, the shading rate can be reduced, and the film can be gradually removed to safely remove the shading net or shading net. After 10 days, the normal seedling management is completely performed, and the root buds are removed promptly, and the unplugged roots are removed. And susceptible seedlings. Grafting seedlings when planting, we must choose the interface of good healing, normal growth of strong seedlings, the interface should be more than 10 cm from the ground when planting, soil should also prevent the buried interface, to avoid scion re-rooting, reduce the disease prevention effect. Specifically, the following three points should be noted:
1, to prevent diseases: After grafting, in order to avoid the invasion of pathogens by the wound, spray a certain concentration of bactericide, such as thiophanate-methyl 800-fold dilution.
2, moisturizing and light protection: This is a key factor in graft survival or not. Grafting in spring is carried out in March, when the environmental conditions such as temperature are relatively suitable, management after grafting is relatively easy, you can use a small shed to cover the moisture, and then cover a layer of shade net to avoid direct sunlight. The fall takes place in August. At this time, the temperature is relatively high, the temperature is between 27-35°C, and the light is strong. After the grafting, the shade net and the straw curtain are covered, and the water is poured onto the straw screen. This can avoid overheating of the small arch shed. (It is possible to make the temperature in the shed at 2-3 o'clock in the sunny afternoon lower than the ambient temperature by 5°C or more), and it is also possible to increase the humidity. The straw curtains can be set off at night, and water can be poured into the trays every day to increase the humidity. After one week, the film and straw curtain can be removed, and the shade net can be retained for routine management.
3. Timely patching: Check the grafting survival situation 3 days after grafting. If the individual scion is dry, it can be rinsed on the original rootstock and connected with a new scion.
Sixth, grafting effect using the above methods of graft management, the survival rate in spring can reach 95% or more, autumn can reach 90% or so, grafted plants in the field of bacterial wilt, virus disease and other shows a higher resistance. It is worth noting that the grafted tomato plants mainly prevent soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt. Other fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, such as late blight, gray mold, and virus diseases, must still be cultivated and managed according to conventional methods.
Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Vegetable Institute, Solanche, Li Zhenxing, Sun Baojuan, Li Zhiliang
Technical Regulations for Grafting Cultivation of Tomato in Guangdong
In southern China, tomatoes can be cultivated in the spring and autumn, and in the western part of Guangdong, they can also be grown in winter. However, due to the high temperature and rainy weather, diseases (especially bacterial wilt) occur seriously. To this end, after more than two years of grafting experiments at the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a set of efficient techniques for tomato cultivation in the Guangdong region was summarized.