Loach breeding technology

Mudworm has become an important aquaculture species because of its strong adaptability, low disease, high survival rate, strong fertility, convenient transportation, and easy access to feed. Now we will give a brief introduction to the technical points of muddy seedling cultivation, pond culture, paddy field cultivation, disease prevention and control, fishing and transportation.

1 seed cultivation

1.1 pond conditions seedling cultivation to earthen pond is better, the area is 30 ~ 100 is appropriate, the pool depth is 40 ~ 60cm, the pool excavation fish slip, in order to facilitate its habitat and summer cold, pond pool bottom compaction, inlet and outlet A fish net was set up, and 15 to 20 cm of silt layer was laid at the bottom of the pool. Duckweed was placed in the pool, covering an area of ​​about 1/4 of the total area.

1.2 clear pond pond water seedlings seedlings before the next 10d, with quicklime 20 ~ 30kg/100 clear water disinfection. After disinfection, apply 300 to 400kg/667? The decomposed human and animal excrement is used as basic fertilizer to make water, and the pool water is added to 30cm. After the water becomes green and the transparency is 15 to 20cm, the seedlings can be placed.

1.3 The seedlings of the stocking larvae were opened for food on the second day and were fed for 3 to 5 days. The body length was about 7 mm, and the yolk sac disappeared. The camp was fed with exogenous nutrition and was able to swim freely. At this time, the pool could enter the seedling cultivation stage. The stocking density of the seedlings is preferably 800-1000 tails/inch, and the microfluidic conditions can be appropriately increased. Note that the same batch of seedlings of the same batch hatch size should be stocked in the same pool to ensure balanced seed growth and improved survival.

1.4 Feeding and management of seedlings that have just been discharged from the pond has a strong selectivity for feed. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate suitable feeds such as rotifers and small phytoplankton. After filtering with a standard sieve of 50 mesh, they are fed along the pool side and properly fed and cooked. Egg yolk, fish meal, milk powder, bean cakes and other concentrates. When the seedlings reach 1cm in length, they can take in food such as insects, insect larvae and organic debris. They can use boiled bran, bran, corn flour, wheat flour and other vegetable feeds to mix minced fish, shrimp and snails. Meat and other animal feeds are fed 3 to 4 times a day. At the same time, the proportion of formulated feed is gradually increased in the feed to gradually adapt to the artificial compound feed. The feed should be placed on the food table about 5cm from the bottom of the pool. Do not cast it. The initial daily feed is 2% to 5% of the total weight of the seedlings, and 8% to 10% of the latter period. Mud fertilizer and fertilizer, should be timely recovery of fertilizer material, can be applied chicken, duck dung and other organic fertilizer, immersed in water in a woven bag, each dosage of about 0.5kg /; can also be applied fertilizer, water temperature can be applied to low nitric acid Ammonium 2g/, when the water temperature is higher, apply 2.5g/urea. Water quality management should be done in a timely manner, new water should be added in time, and water quality should be adjusted. When feeding for more than one month, the seedlings can be as long as 3 to 4 cm, and they can be turned into aquaculture when they begin to drill mud habits.

2 Pond development

2.1 Pond construction Choose a sheltered, sunny, weak alkaline sediment, no pesticide-contaminated place to build the pool, the area is generally 100 to 250, the pool depth is 0.7 to 1m, the pond can be a cement pool, but also a soil pool. The earthen pond wall needs to be built with bricks and stones, or it can be tightly smashed with a triaxial soil. The bottom of the pond must be tightly closed, so that it is sturdy and durable without holes, and the bottom of the pond is spread with 20-30 cm of fat. The inlet and outlet are stopped by wire or plastic mesh. The bottom of the tank is inclined towards the outlet for drainage and fishing.

2.2 cultivating water and seeding ponds According to the seed breeding method, clear ponds are sterilized. The depth of the pool is maintained at 30-50 cm, and organic fertilizer is applied to pig manure to cultivate the water quality. The dosage is 20-30 kg/100. After the drug disappears and the water is turned into fertilizer, the quail species can be released. The stocking density of the quail species of 3 to 4 cm is 50 to 60 tails per square meter, and the flow conditions can be appropriately increased.

2.3 Feeding management Based on fertilizing water quality and providing natural food, animal feeds such as aphids, cockroaches, quail meats, fishmeal, small miscellaneous fish, livestock and poultry waste shall be added, as well as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs, and cakes. Such as vegetable feed, or artificial feed. Normally feed every day on the afternoon and afternoon, and the daily feed is 5% to 10% of the loach's body weight. Feeding should be based on water quality, weather, and food conditions. When the water temperature is above 15°C, the loach appetite gradually increases. The temperature range of 20-30°C is suitable for feeding, and the appetite of 25-27°C is particularly strong, and the temperature is over 30°C or lower than 15°C and the thunderstorm days may not be fed. In addition, reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the water quality. The transparency of the pool water should be controlled at 15 to 20cm, and the water color should be yellow-green. When the water temperature reaches 30°C, the pool water should be changed frequently, and the water depth should be increased. When the muddy ducks often swim to the floating surface of the water to “swallow”, indicating that there is lack of oxygen in the water, fertilization should be stopped and new water should be injected. Increase the depth of pool water in winter, and apply manure such as cow dung and pig dung at the corner of the pool to increase the water temperature and ensure safe wintering of the loach.

3 rice field cultivation

3.1 Paddy field conditions and methods of reconstruction All paddy fields that are muddy, weakly alkaline, and free from cold-water leaching can be cultured with muddy grass. The area of ​​paddy field selected for raising fish should not be too large, generally about 1000m2. Tian Hao should be reinforced and buried with mesh or plastic sheeting to prevent muddy holes from escaping. Mesh bars should be added to the inlet and outlet, and pits with an area of ​​2 to 3 and a depth of more than 60 cm should be excavated in the field. Connected with the pit and excavated the vertical and horizontal groove, the width and depth of the groove were all 30-40cm. The pit and groove area accounted for about 10% of the total area of ​​the rice field. It was a habitat for high temperature, pesticides, fertilizers, and paddy fields during summer. The site is also convenient for centralized fishing.

3.2 The stocking time of stocking and rearing is appropriate after transplanting rice for the first time. Putting 40 kg/100 of mature animal fertilizer into the pit and ditch within 3 to 4 days before planting, and then putting 3 to 4 cm per 667 m2. There are 20,000 to 25,000 tails.

3.3 After raising the stocks, they are fed with bran, dried cakes, alfalfa, cocoon powder, and animal organs. The daily feeding amount is 5% to 8% of the loach's body weight and about 5% later, and the feed is put in the ditch. Pit. At the same time, according to the water quality in time to chase fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer each time 15kg/100. Rice fields should use as few pesticides as possible, and if necessary, choose high-efficiency, low-toxic pesticides and spray them on cloudy days. At the same time, keep the water fresh and prevent excessive feeding and affecting water quality.

4 Disease Prevention and Control The loach diseases are numerous, mainly in the following categories.

4.1 Water mildew

4.1.1 Symptoms Sick white mold is attached to the body surface. The disease occurs during periods of low water temperatures and is extremely susceptible to infection when fish are injured.

4.1.2 Prevention methods (1) When capturing and transporting loach, try to avoid mechanical damage; (2) Immerse the sickle with 4% saline for 5 to 10 minutes, or dip with 4g/m3 malachite green solution for 20 to 30 minutes. .

4.2 Rot disease

4.2.1 Symptoms The diseased fins, abdominal skin, and anus around the mouth are congested, ulcerated, caudal fins, pectoral fins white, and ulcerated. The sides of the fish are swollen from the head to the tail and have erythema.

4.2.2 Prevention methods (1) 1 g/m3 bleaching powder Quanchiposa, or 0.1g/m3 furazolidone Quanchiposa; (2) using 20g/m3 Furnas solution dip sick fish for 15 ~ 20min, or by 0.04% The furans mix in feed and feed 3d.

4.3 Parasitic diseases

4.3.1 Symptoms Symptoms The body is thin and thin, often floating on the surface of the water, disturbed, or spinning on the surface of the water, with increased mucus on the body surface. Mostly caused by worms, worms, and third-generation parasites.

4.3.2 Control measures (1) Use 0.7g/m3 copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture Quanchiposa to control trichoderma and tongue cup worm disease; (2) Use 0.5g/m3 crystal enemy 100 Insects Quanchiposa, can control the third generation of worms.

4.4 White ring disease

4.4.1 Symptoms The body is grayish with red rings. This disease was caused by long-term conservation of the loach.

4.4.2 Prevention methods (1) When stocking, use 5g/m3 Malachite green solution to dip for 15-20min; (2) 0.2-0.3g/m3 Malachite green Quanchiposa; (3) Move disease into static The pool is raised for a while.

4.5 Bubble disease

4.5.1 Symptoms Disease The fry are floating on the surface. Caused by excessive levels of oxygen or other gases in the water, it mainly damages the fry.

4.5.2 Prevention and control methods (1) Salt 4～6kg/667m2 Quanchiposa; (2) Immediately flush into clean water or yellow muddy water; (3) Remove putrefaction in the pool and do not use unfermented fertilizer. At the same time, grasp the amount of feed and the amount of fertilizer to prevent the deterioration of water quality.

4.6 The enemy destroys snakes, frogs, blackbirds, otters, and matriarchs.

5 fishing

5.1 Flushing method Place the fishing tool at the inlet and then drain it into the pool. The muddy water is stimulated by running water, and it is swimming against the water and clustered near the inlet. At this point, the pre-set nets can be pulled up to capture the loach.

5.2 Trapping method The boiled bovine or goat bones or fried rice bran, wheat bran and other baits are placed on a net or a fish cage, and the mud is induced by the fragrance.

5.3 Dry pond method In winter, when the water temperature drops to 15°C～12°C, muddy mud will get into the sediment of the pond and can only be captured by the dry pond. The water is drained first, the ponds and rice fields are divided into several pieces, and the drainage ditches are dug in the middle, and the muddy mud will be concentrated in the drainage ditch so as to facilitate the capture. The loach grown in paddy fields can also be dried with rape stalks and soaked in the ditch and pit of rice until the sweet scent of rape stalks is revealed.

6 The transportation of loach is mostly live sale. If it is improperly transported, it will lead to death and cause losses. Can be transported by bamboo rafts. Each bamboo raft is loaded with 25kg of loach. The plastic film is placed on the bottom of bamboo rafts during shipment. Water is added to 2 to 2.5kg and then put into the live loach. During transportation, water is added every 1.5h to ensure Mud live.

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