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Cultivation of kelp and other economic algae
Kelp, seaweed, wakame, agaric, eucheuma, and leeks are all economically significant algae that are widely consumed in Eastern countries such as China, Japan, and North Korea. Among these, kelp has a long history of being an essential part of the traditional diet in these regions. Native to the cold waters of Japan and North Korea, kelp was once primarily imported into China before liberation. However, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, marine biologists and aquaculture experts began researching and developing techniques to cultivate kelp domestically.
Through scientific experimentation, they successfully mastered key technologies such as manually controlling seawater temperature for seedling production. Over the past two decades, Chinese kelp farming has evolved into a large-scale industry. Today, China produces around 500,000 tons of fresh kelp annually, accounting for nearly half of global seaweed production and placing it at the top of the world in kelp aquaculture.
Initially, kelp cultivation relied on spore germination, which is highly sensitive to water temperature. If the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, spores fail to germinate or do so at a very low rate. This posed a challenge for China, where sea temperatures were not ideal for natural kelp growth. Although some kelp seedlings were brought in from Japan and North Korea—especially from the northern regions—and planted in areas like Dalian, they never formed large-scale wild kelp communities.
The solution came with manual temperature control in nursery rooms. By carefully regulating the water temperature, spores could be induced to germinate and develop into seedlings. These seedlings were then attached to hemp ropes and suspended on rafts in kelp farms, leading to the creation of large-scale kelp farms with thousands of strains. Like crop cultivation, kelp farming requires regular "field management," including fertilization, flipping the seedlings to different depths, and removing unwanted attachments.
After months of dedicated work, only small 1–2 cm seedlings emerged from the nurseries, but by autumn, they had grown into long kelp fronds reaching nearly 10 meters in length. What’s even more impressive is that these artificially cultivated kelp seedlings have been successfully farmed along China’s coast, from the northern regions all the way to Fujian in the south, making China the world leader in kelp aquaculture.