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Forest medicine interplanting must pay attention to five major issues
The practice of interplanting Chinese medicinal plants in mountainous areas during the process of returning farmland to forests is a promising strategy that enhances land use efficiency and boosts farmers' income. However, several key challenges must be carefully addressed to ensure long-term success and sustainability.
First, the selected medicinal plant varieties must be well-suited to local soil and climate conditions, particularly in areas where the land has been converted from farmland to forest. These regions are often located on slopes with thin, nutrient-poor soils and are prone to drought. Therefore, it is advisable to choose hardy, drought-resistant, and shade-tolerant species such as Bupleurum, Spearmint, and Honeysuckle. Additionally, factors like altitude, tree age, soil moisture, and sunlight exposure should be taken into account. For instance, cold-resistant plants like Xiyang white peony and Chuanxiong can thrive in high-altitude shaded areas, while Houttuynia cordata and Gynostemma pentaphyllum are more suitable for low-altitude, less shaded fields. When trees are young, light-demanding herbs like Salvia miltiorrhiza and Spearmint can be grown, but once the trees mature, shade-tolerant species like Coptis chinensis and Huangjing become more appropriate. It's also important to avoid replanting the same species within 3 to 5 years to prevent soil depletion and disease buildup.
Second, some medicinal plants may have high yields but low levels of active ingredients, making them unsuitable for commercial use. This is especially true for certain alpine species that may not perform well in lower altitudes. To maintain quality, it is recommended to prioritize native species that have been tested and proven to have high active ingredient content. New imported varieties should undergo thorough trials to assess their yield and potency before being promoted for large-scale cultivation.
Third, the goal of returning farmland to forests is to stabilize the environment and promote ecological recovery. Therefore, interplanting should align with this objective. It is best to select medicinal plants that can be harvested from their above-ground parts—such as leaves, flowers, and fruits—without requiring frequent tilling. Examples include Honeysuckle, Roses, and Papaya. Other plants like Peony and Spearmint can be harvested over multiple years without continuous plowing, helping to preserve ground cover and reduce soil erosion. Root crops, however, should generally be avoided in newly converted forest areas due to their conflict with the policy’s environmental goals.
Fourth, to improve the quality and consistency of Chinese medicinal products, there should be a focus on regionalization, scale, specialization, and standardization. This applies equally to interplanting practices. Local governments and farmers should conduct detailed assessments of their resources and environmental conditions to determine which species are most suitable. By following unified technical standards for planting and management, they can ensure product quality and enhance market competitiveness.
Finally, economic viability is crucial. The main aim of interplanting is to increase farmers’ income while maintaining forest coverage. Therefore, all aspects—from variety selection to harvesting and processing—should be aligned with market demands. Farmers should leverage local advantages while staying responsive to market trends, avoiding both blind expansion and price volatility. A balanced approach ensures sustainable development and long-term profitability.