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Poultry Efficient Population Immunization
The method of drinking water immunization involves dissolving the vaccine in clean water, which is then provided to poultry for them to drink. This approach is commonly used for mass vaccination and requires careful preparation. First, it's important to use a high-quality vaccine that is suitable for oral administration. The water used to dilute the vaccine should be free from substances that could inactivate the virus or bacteria, such as chlorine, iron, zinc, or copper. It’s best to use deep well water or distilled water to ensure the vaccine remains effective.
Poultry should be deprived of water for 2–4 hours before vaccination to encourage them to drink the diluted vaccine quickly. The time allowed for drinking should not exceed 2 hours, ensuring all birds consume an adequate amount. The amount of water used must be carefully measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions to maintain the correct concentration. Adding 0.1% skim milk to the water can help protect the vaccine and improve its effectiveness. Additionally, it’s recommended to avoid using disinfectants 2–3 days before and after the vaccination to prevent interference with immune response.
Another common method is aerosol immunization, where the vaccine is delivered through an aerosol generator that creates fine droplets between 1 and 10 microns in size. These particles remain suspended in the air and are inhaled by the poultry, reaching the respiratory system and triggering immunity. For this method, a high-potency vaccine is required, often at double the usual dose. The vaccine should be diluted with distilled or deionized water, and adding 0.1% skim milk can enhance stability and effectiveness.
It's crucial to maintain a closed environment during spraying to minimize air movement, which could disperse the aerosol too quickly. Spraying is best done in the early morning or late evening when temperatures are cooler, and windows and doors should be reopened after 20 minutes to allow fresh air circulation. To reduce stress on the birds, it's advisable to administer anti-stress medications before and after the procedure. Proper planning and execution are essential to ensure successful vaccination and minimal impact on the flock’s health.