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Peanuts must catch six points in the middle and late stages of high yield
Peanut cultivation during the mid-growth stage requires careful management to ensure healthy development and high yield. One of the key concerns is the prevention and control of pests and diseases, which can significantly impact plant health and productivity. Common issues during this time include leaf spot, rust, cockroach infestations, and cotton bollworms. If left unchecked, these problems can lead to premature leaf drop, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and ultimately lower yields.
To manage leaf spot and rust, it's important to apply fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, or chlorothalonil through foliar sprays. A total of two to four applications are recommended, with intervals of 10 to 15 days between each spray. This helps maintain leaf function and prolong the green leaf period, supporting better nutrient uptake and pod development.
For pest control, especially when larvae damage the plants, insecticides like methyl isophosulfide or phoxim can be used. As summer temperatures rise, conditions become favorable for cotton bollworms. Once the infestation reaches a critical level, newer biological pesticides such as *Proteobacterium*, *Insect Overlord*, and *Thousand-thousands* can be applied to effectively manage the problem.
Foliar fertilization is another essential practice during the peanut pod-filling stage. Applying a balanced foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days helps maintain leaf vitality, prevent nutrient deficiency, and improve pod filling. This also enhances chlorophyll content and overall plant vigor.
Growth regulators like paclobutrazol, peanut-bamboo, and Zhuang-Shen-an can be sprayed in the early stages of flowering to control excessive plant elongation. This helps maintain a compact growth habit, increases effective leaf area, and improves the transfer of nutrients to the developing pods.
Water management is crucial, especially during dry periods. If drought occurs during the pod maturation phase, immediate irrigation is necessary to support normal growth and ensure a stable harvest. Proper moisture levels are vital for both plant development and final yield quality.
Harvesting should be done promptly. It is recommended to cultivate the field about 15 days before harvest and to complete harvesting before the first frost, ideally 4 days before the second frost. Special care must be taken to avoid frost damage, which can reduce oil content and germination rates. After harvesting, peanuts should be spread out in the field for 7 to 10 days, turning the vines every three days to ensure moisture levels reach around 9%. Early-maturing varieties should be harvested within 7 to 10 days of reaching maturity to prevent seeds from germinating in the soil.
After harvest, it's important to dry the peanuts properly. Avoid stacking them immediately, as high humidity and temperature can cause mold and spoilage. Drying on the ground for 7 to 10 days ensures that moisture levels are reduced to 9% or less. This not only maintains quality but also prevents economic losses due to poor storage conditions.