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Prevention of Cauliflower Stripe Virus Disease at the time
According to the author's field study, the actual occurrence of the striae spot virus in Shouguang City, our province, is as follows: Infected plant tissues turn brown and necrotic, showing symptoms such as stripe spots, mottled necrosis, and ring-like lesions. Particularly on sweet pepper fruits, visible brown streaks and distinct stripe patterns are commonly observed. In severe cases, symptoms may also appear on the stems or shoot tips below the growing point.
To prevent and manage this disease effectively, several key strategies should be implemented:
**Virus Inactivation and Disease Spread Control:**
Seed treatment is an essential first step. Soaking seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes before germination helps reduce viral load. While potassium permanganate is sometimes used, it is less effective compared to the phosphate solution.
Environmental conditions play a crucial role in virus development. During unfavorable conditions, the virus remains dormant with a long incubation period. However, when temperatures rise and drought occurs, many vegetable viruses become active and spread rapidly. This leads to symptoms like mosaic patterns, striae, and dry tops. Therefore, maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels within greenhouses can significantly reduce the risk of infection.
**Key Management Practices:**
- **Temperature Control:** Sweet peppers thrive at around 25°C during the day and no higher than 15°C at night. If temperatures exceed this, shading should be applied during the day to prevent heat stress.
- **Moisture Management:** Ensuring balanced soil moisture and maintaining adequate air humidity can help prevent virus outbreaks.
- **Fertilization:** Applying a balanced mix of micronutrients, especially zinc, promotes plant health and enhances resistance to viral infections.
- **Removal of Diseased Plants:** As soon as infected plants are detected, early intervention is critical. If the infection is severe, these plants should be removed from the field and either buried or burned to eliminate the source of infection.
**Breaking the Transmission Pathway:**
Pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and thrips are major vectors of the virus. As temperatures rise, these pests become more active and can transmit the virus while feeding on leaves and fruits. To control them, insecticides like Acetamiprid (1000 times dilution) or Imidacloprid (2000 times) can be used. Additionally, fumigants and other insecticides like Thiamethoxam (1000 times) are effective. Seedlings can be treated with Aketai at 2500 times dilution, which provides protection for up to 15 days.
**Chemical Control Measures:**
At the early stages of infection, applying 20% copper hydroxide (500 times), 7.5% streptomycin (600 times), or 5% *Bacillus subtilis* (300 times) every four days for 3–5 applications can significantly reduce the spread of the virus. A combination of Pyrimidomycin (2500 times) with a micro-nutrient additive has also shown promising results.
Based on testing by agricultural experts, a recommended mixture includes: 25 ml of Resistance-Weed or Virus K25, 15 ml of Medical Virus Ling, 30 grams of Virus A or Antiviral Feng, and 2 grams of Natural Alizarin, all diluted in 15 liters of water. This formula is highly effective and can be used for both prevention and treatment.
Farmers are encouraged to apply these methods promptly and consistently to ensure better control of the virus and protect their crops.