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Yam sowing needs to prevent pests
In recent years, the prevalence of pests, root-knot nematode infestations, and seedling diseases in yam cultivation has been on the rise, significantly impacting both the yield and quality of the crop. As we enter the yam planting season, it is crucial to implement effective measures to prevent and manage these issues. Here are some key practices to consider during sowing.
Crop rotation plays a vital role in reducing nematode populations. Root-knot nematodes can remain viable in the soil for over three years, making it essential to avoid continuous planting of susceptible crops. Infected plant residues, sick plants, and contaminated soil are major sources of nematode spread. To break this cycle, it is recommended to rotate yam with non-host crops such as cotton, radish, eggplant, or peppers, if conditions allow. A rotation period of at least three years is advised. When selecting new planting areas, ensure that the land is free from previous nematode infestations to prevent recontamination.
Seed block treatment is another critical step. Traditionally, some farmers have used untreated seeds, which can lead to poor germination and increased disease susceptibility. To improve success, it's advisable to coat the seed blocks with mancozeb powder at both ends and dry them under sunlight. Alternatively, soaking the seed blocks in a solution of carbendazim and triadimefon in a ratio of 2:1:1000 for five minutes can help control diseases like seedling leaf spot and anthracnose. After soaking, dry the blocks before planting to ensure better seedling establishment.
Soil treatment is also essential for managing nematodes and soil-borne diseases. For fields with a history of continuous cropping, apply 10% thiazophos (also known as blessings) at a rate of 3–3.5 kg per acre. If the trencher lacks a pesticide applicator, manually apply the chemical at a depth of 40 cm and 20 cm in the next row of trenches. After applying the pesticide, mix the soil thoroughly with a shovel to ensure even distribution. In newly prepared fields, apply 10% thiazophos at a rate of over 2 kg per acre, then till the soil and open the ditches. Be careful to avoid direct contact between the seed and the pesticide to prevent damage.
To control soil-borne diseases, it's recommended to spray a solution of 45% chlorothalonil diluted 1500–2000 times or 500–600 times of benalaxyl before planting. Apply the solution in the seed furrow, cover the soil, and then reapply the same mixture to ensure thorough coverage. These steps will help reduce the risk of disease outbreaks and promote healthier plant growth.
By following these practices, farmers can effectively manage pests and diseases, ensuring better yields and higher-quality yams.