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Yam sowing needs to prevent pests
In recent years, the occurrence of pests, root-knot nematode infestations, and seedling diseases in yam crops has been on the rise, significantly impacting both the yield and quality of the harvest. With the current yam planting season approaching, it's crucial to implement effective measures to prevent and control these issues. Here are some key practices to consider when sowing.
Crop rotation is one of the most effective strategies for managing root-knot nematodes, which can survive in the soil for over three years. Infected plant residues, diseased tubers, and contaminated soil are primary sources of nematode spread. To reduce the risk, it's recommended to rotate yams with non-host crops such as cotton, radish, eggplant, or peppers, especially in areas where conditions allow. A rotation cycle of at least three years is essential. When selecting new planting areas, ensure that the previous crop was not susceptible to nematodes, and avoid introducing infected materials into the field.
Seed block treatment is another important step. Traditionally, some farmers have used raw seeds, which can lead to poor germination and increased disease incidence. To improve success, it's advisable to coat the seed blocks with mancozeb powder on both ends and dry them under the sun. Alternatively, soak the seed blocks in a solution of carbendazim and triadimefon mixed in a 2:1 ratio with water, using a dilution of 1000 times. Soak for 5 minutes, then dry before planting. This method helps control seedling blight, anthracnose, and other common diseases.
Soil treatment is also critical. For nematode and underground pest control, especially in fields that have been continuously cropped, apply the pesticide 10% thiazophos (commonly known as "Blessing") at a rate of 3–3.5 kg per acre during the trenching process. If the trencher lacks a pesticide applicator, manually apply the chemical to a depth of 40 cm and 20 cm in the next row of trenches. After applying the pesticide, carefully turn the soil with a shovel to mix it thoroughly. In new paddy fields, first apply 10% Blessing at a rate of over 2 kg per acre in the next row, then till and open the ditches. Always avoid direct contact between the seed and the chemical to prevent damage.
For controlling soil-borne diseases, before planting the next crop, spray 45% chlorothalonil at a dilution of 1500–2000 times or 500–600 times the concentration of "Credible Armor" in the seed furrow. Cover the soil and repeat the spraying to ensure thorough coverage. These steps help create a healthier growing environment and reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their yam crops while reducing reliance on chemical inputs. Proper planning and timely intervention are key to long-term success in yam cultivation.