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Two-year-old shrimp pond aquaculture technology
In recent years, shrimp farmers in Penghu County, Anhui Province, have successfully implemented a twice-a-year aquaculture system, achieving significant economic returns. This article provides an overview of the key technical practices involved in freshwater prawn farming.
The ponds used for this operation should be rectangular in shape, with an area ranging from 3 to 8 acres and a water depth between 1.2 to 1.5 meters. The slope ratio should be between 1:2 and 1:3, and the silt layer should be at least 20 cm thick. Freshwater is essential, with no pollution, high dissolved oxygen levels, a pH between 6.8 and 8, and a reliable water supply.
Before stocking, each acre should be treated with 100-150 kg of quicklime to disinfect the pond. Aquatic plants such as Elodea and Hydrilla verticillata are planted to provide shelter and improve water quality. For the first batch of seedlings, basal fertilization should be applied 7 to 9 days before stocking to turn the water grayish brown or pink. For the second batch, it should be done 5 to 7 days in advance, resulting in grayish green or off-white water.
The first stocking of juvenile shrimp typically occurs 1 to 2 months after preparation, with sizes ranging from 500 to 1,000 per kilogram, and about 15 kg per acre. The second stocking takes place between June and July, with shrimp measuring 1.5 to 2 cm in size, at a density of 30,000 per acre. Additionally, 100 catfish are introduced per acre to help control pests and maintain ecological balance.
Feed options can vary depending on local availability. Farmers may use rapeseed cake, soybean meal, commercial pellets, homemade feed, snail meat, or small fish. A combination of commercial feed and animal-based feed is recommended. Shrimp are fed twice daily—1/3 of the total amount in the morning (7–8 AM) and 2/3 in the evening (5–6 PM), ensuring even distribution around the pond.
Before planting, the pond is fertilized with a base fertilizer to enrich the water. Throughout the growing period, the water should remain fertile, lively, soft, and cool. Every 20 days, 100–200 kg of fermented organic fertilizer is added per acre to maintain water quality.
Water plants must not become too dense, especially during hot weather. Invasive aquatic plants should be removed promptly to prevent water quality degradation. The water transparency should be kept around 30 cm, and water changes should be done in small amounts regularly ("small in and small out").
Disease prevention is crucial. Common diseases include ciliate disease, water mold, and gill disease. To prevent these, lime water (10–20 kg per acre) is applied every 10–20 days. Bromine chloride is used every 20–30 days to disinfect the pond.
Harvesting is based on market demand and shrimp growth. The first batch is usually caught by late April and marketed by mid-June. The second batch begins in late October and is harvested around the Spring Festival, ensuring a steady supply throughout the year.
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