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How to cultivate healthy seedlings
The newly hatched Aberdeen oysters still have their umbilical cords attached and the yolk sacs are not fully absorbed. It is important to keep them in the hatchery for at least one day before moving them, as rushing the process can lead to high mortality rates. On the first day after hatching, the larvae are transferred to plastic containers to begin acclimating to their food source. The containers are filled with 3 cm of water and covered with fine sand. Each container holds approximately 100 larvae, and they are fed twice daily—once at 9:00 PM—with about 4 eggs per day. During feeding, the water is also changed to maintain cleanliness.
After three days of consistent feeding, the oysters typically adapt well to the external environment and are ready to enter the cultivation stage. There are two main methods for raising them:
1. **Cement Pond Cultivation**
Each cement pond covers an area of 8–10 square meters, with a depth of 1 meter and a water level of 0.3 meters. The bottom is covered with 2–3 cm of fine sand and slopes slightly toward the outlet for efficient drainage. Before use, the ponds are disinfected twice using quicklime or potassium permanganate at a rate of 3–5 grams per square meter. Every 7 days, the oysters are fed either live microalgae or a mixture of algae, fish oil, milk powder, and vitamins C and E. The feed is prepared by mixing it with water and then distributed evenly. After six hours, any leftover food is removed, and the water is refreshed to maintain good quality. Disinfection is repeated every 7–10 days to prevent disease outbreaks. To provide shade and improve water quality, nylon nets and aquatic plants like water peanuts and artificial daffodils are added. After about 30 days of cultivation, the oysters reach 10–15 grams and can be moved to earthen ponds. Survival rates are around 95%, and many grow to over 500 grams within the same year, becoming market-ready.
2. **Earthen Pond Cultivation**
Earthen ponds should not be too large, ideally around 5 mu (approximately 3,300 square meters). After cleaning and disinfecting using standard methods, a small section of 200 square meters is enclosed with bamboo poles in one corner. Stocking density is usually 30–50 oysters per square meter. The feeding and management practices are similar to those used in cement ponds. Since the young oysters are more adaptable to natural conditions, they tend to grow faster with lower stocking densities. However, protection from predators such as water snakes and rats is essential. Preventive measures include clearing weeds around the pond and applying lime in a circular pattern to deter rodents. Another effective method is installing electric wires around the perimeter, which are activated at night to prevent rat invasions. Safety precautions must be taken to avoid accidents.
By following these detailed steps, oyster farmers can ensure healthy growth and high survival rates, leading to successful and profitable aquaculture operations.