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Chives cultivation techniques
Chives are known for their strong adaptability, short growth cycle, and resistance to pests and diseases, making them easy to cultivate. Although the yield per mu is around 1,000 kg, the economic return is relatively high due to its market demand and low production cost.
The ideal growing environment for chives includes a fragrant onion climate with moderate temperatures. They can withstand both cold and heat, with optimal germination temperatures ranging from 13–20°C, stem and leaf growth between 18–23°C, and root development at 14–18°C. Growth slows down when temperatures exceed 28°C. Chives have shallow roots, so they require less water than onions but are not drought-tolerant. The ideal soil moisture is 70–80%, and air humidity should be maintained at 60–70%. They prefer medium light conditions; excessive sunlight can cause tissue aging, increase fiber content, and reduce quality. Loamy or sandy loam soils that are loose, fertile, and well-drained are ideal, while sandy soils are unsuitable. A balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements is essential, and overuse of nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided.
Chives are typically planted in spring and autumn, with protected areas allowing year-round planting except during summer. Shade nets can be used for summer cultivation. Seeds are usually sown 60–80 days before harvest, and transplanting occurs about 30 days later, with gradual harvesting possible afterward.
Choosing high-quality varieties is important. Varieties with a strong purple scent, such as four-season small shallots and Fujian chives, have shown good performance.
Soil preparation and fertilization are crucial. Whether planting seedlings or transplanting, fine soil preparation and application of base fertilizer are necessary. Apply 3,000 kg of finely ground organic manure or 1,000 kg of processed chicken manure per acre. Create raised beds 1.5 meters wide and 8–10 meters long. In summer or low-lying areas, raise the bed by 15–20 cm and install drainage channels. For seedling sowing, drill or broadcast seeds with 10 cm spacing and cover with 1.5–2 cm of soil. Use 2–4 kg of seeds per acre and mix phosphate with sifted soil to prevent underground pests. Alternatively, use bait made from wheat bran mixed with sautéed vegetables, applied in the evening after sowing and watered into the soil.
Transplanting is done 40–50 days after sowing, with holes spaced 8–10 cm apart, 12–20 cm between rows, and hole depth of 4–6 cm. Water immediately after planting. Some farmers choose to harvest directly without transplanting.
Field management involves keeping the soil moist after emergence and after transplanting. Watering should be controlled during the early stages (1–3 leaves) and after transplanting, and the soil should be loosened 1–2 times to promote root development. Water every 7–10 days. If insufficient base fertilizer was used or if the harvest period is extended, apply 300 kg of cooked puffed chicken manure per acre, spread between the rows and cultivated promptly. In the later growth stage, hilling up the roots 1–2 times helps improve yield and quality. During hot summer months, extra care is needed to manage temperature and light intensity.
Pest control focuses on diseases like downy mildew, gray mold, purple spot, and thrips, as well as leaf miners. Integrated agricultural and physical control methods are preferred, with biological or low-toxicity pesticides used when necessary. For downy mildew, 68.75% Silver Faly or 72.2% Preca can be used. Gray mold can be controlled with 40% Shijiale. For purple spot disease, 70% Thiophanate Methyl or 70% Mancozeb is effective. Leaf miners can be managed with 1% Baolong. Always follow safety guidelines when applying any chemical treatment.