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Chives cultivation techniques
Chives are known for their strong adaptability, short growth cycle, and resistance to pests and diseases, making them an easy crop to cultivate. Although the yield per mu is around 1,000 kg, the economic return is relatively high due to their market demand and low production cost.
For optimal growth, chives prefer a fragrant onion-like environment with a cool climate. They have good cold and heat tolerance, with ideal germination temperatures between 13-20°C, stem and leaf growth at 18-23°C, and root development at 14-18°C. Growth slows when temperatures exceed 28°C. Due to their shallow root system, they require less water than onions but are not drought-tolerant. The ideal soil moisture should be 70%-80%, and air humidity around 60%-70%. Chives thrive in medium light conditions; too much direct sunlight can cause tissue aging, increase fiber content, and reduce quality.
Loamy or well-drained soils are best suited for chive cultivation, while sandy soils are unsuitable. A balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients is essential, and excessive nitrogen application should be avoided to prevent poor growth.
Planting is typically done in spring and autumn, though protected areas allow year-round planting except during summer. Shade nets can also be used in summer. Sowing usually takes about 60-80 days, and transplanting can occur after 30 days, allowing for gradual harvesting.
High-quality varieties with a strong purple scent are preferred. Currently, the four-season small shallots and Fujian chives have shown excellent performance.
Soil preparation involves fine tilling and applying base fertilizer. Farmers apply 3,000 kg of well-rotted organic manure or 1,000 kg of chicken manure per acre. Raised beds of 1.5 meters wide and 8-10 meters long are created, especially in summer or low-lying areas, where the ground is raised by 15-20 cm and drainage ditches are dug around it. Seeds are sown in rows spaced 10 cm apart, covered with 1.5-2 cm of soil. About 2-4 kg of seeds per acre are used, and to protect against underground pests, phosphate is mixed with sifted soil before sowing, or a bait made from fried wheat bran and vegetables is sprinkled on the seedbed in the evening.
Transplanting is done 40-50 days after sowing, with plants spaced 12-20 cm apart in rows. Holes should be 4-6 cm deep, and watering is done immediately after planting. Some farmers choose to harvest directly without transplanting.
Field management after emergence and transplanting requires consistent moisture. Watering should be controlled during the early stages (1-3 leaves) and after transplanting, with the soil loosened 1-2 times to promote root development. Watering every 7-10 days is recommended. If insufficient base fertilizer was applied or if the harvest period is extended, a top dressing of 300 kg of cooked puffed chicken manure per acre is advised, spread between the rows and incorporated into the soil. Later in the growing season, the roots should be hilled up 1-2 times. During summer, when temperatures are high and light is intense, extra care is needed to avoid stress on the plants.
Pest control includes managing downy mildew, gray mold, purple spot, thrips, and leaf miners. Agricultural and physical controls are encouraged, with biological or low-toxicity pesticides used when necessary. For downy mildew, 68.75% silver faly or 72.2% Prec can be applied. Gray mold can be controlled with 40% Shijiale. Purple spot disease can be prevented using 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% mancozeb. Leaf miners can be managed with 1% Baolong. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to maintaining healthy crops.