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The Effects of Kanna Extract: Overview and Scientific Findings
Sceletium tortuosum, commonly known as Kanna, is a succulent plant native to South Africa. For centuries, it has been a significant part of African tribal traditions, often used in spiritual rituals and revered as a natural remedy. Its introduction to Western civilization occurred during the early 17th century through the Dutch explorer and trader Jan van Riebeeck. This marked the beginning of extensive research into Kanna and its potential applications.
## Types of Extracts and Their Effects
Kanna contains active compounds known as alkaloids, with two primary ones being mesembrin and mesembrenone. These alkaloids interact with our nervous system in various ways, and the effects of Kanna extracts largely depend on the balance of these compounds.
### Mesembrin
Mesembrin functions primarily as a strong SRI (serotonin reuptake inhibitor). It operates similarly to SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), which are well-known antidepressants. By increasing serotonin levels in synapses, mesembrin helps stabilize mood and combat symptoms of depression. Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting nerve signals, and low levels can lead to mood swings, sleep issues, and irritability.
Recent discoveries suggest that mesembrin also enhances the activity of the VMAT2 protein, which boosts neurotransmitter levels, particularly dopamine, at synaptic junctions. This can result in stimulating and euphoric effects, potentially aiding in the treatment of dopamine-deficient disorders like Parkinson’s disease or ADHD.
### Mesembrenone
Mesembrenone also acts as an SRI but primarily functions as a PDE4 (phosphodiesterase 4) enzyme inhibitor. PDE4 is found in immune and inflammatory cells, making mesembrenone effective in reducing inflammation. Additionally, it has nootropic and neuroprotective properties. Research into PDE4 inhibitors is ongoing, with potential applications in treating neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Both alkaloids interact with CB1 endocannabinoid receptors, contributing to Kanna’s analgesic properties.
### Types of Extracts
- **High Mesembrin Content Extracts**:
These extracts are popular for recreational purposes due to their stimulating nature. They mimic the effects of psychoactive substances and are beneficial for combating neurotic conditions like depression and lack of motivation.
- **High Mesembrenone Content Extracts**:
These extracts are more suited for therapeutic use, offering calming effects ideal for managing stress, anxiety, and panic attacks. Given its PDE4 inhibiting properties, mesembrenone holds promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
## Effects of Kanna Extract
Kanna extract offers numerous benefits, including cognitive support, mood enhancement, and stress relief. Studies suggest it can improve memory, concentration, and overall mental well-being. While it provides mild stimulation, Kanna is not addictive or hallucinogenic, making it a safer alternative to conventional pharmaceuticals.
### References:
- [Wikipedia - Serotonin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin)
- [Wikipedia - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor)
- [NCBI - Mesembrin and Neurological Disorders](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3208151/)
- [NCBI - Kanna and Mood Disorders](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10380597/)
- [PubMed - PDE4 Inhibitors in Neurodegeneration](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36006974/)
- [NCBI - Kanna’s Therapeutic Potential](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8762184/)