Dragon fruit cultivation techniques in greenhouse

Dragon fruit, also known as red dragon fruit, blue dragon fruit, or fairy fruit, is a tropical fruit that comes in several varieties, including white, red, and yellow. Rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, fiber, glucose, carotene, amino acids, phosphorus, and iron, it offers numerous health benefits. These include detoxification, stomach nourishment, blood purification, lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, preventing arterial hardening, relieving constipation, anemia, angular cheilitis, colds, and even promoting beauty and anti-aging effects. Beyond its nutritional value, dragon fruit is also admired for its striking appearance, making it not only a fruit but also a rare and beautiful flower. Although dragon fruit is native to tropical regions, large-scale cultivation outside its origin has been challenging. However, the Langfang Agricultural High-Tech Innovation and Technology Demonstration Park has successfully grown it in greenhouses since 2000. The key techniques involve constructing suitable greenhouses, planting seedlings, proper cultivation management, pruning, pest control, and harvesting and storage. The greenhouse used is the "Langfang type 40 solar greenhouse," designed with high light transmittance, good thermal insulation, and low construction costs. It spans 80 square meters, with dimensions of 18 meters in the north-south direction. The southwest side is positioned between 5 to 100 degrees to optimize sunlight exposure. The back wall is 2.8 meters high, with a base width of 4.5 meters and a top width of 2 meters. The structure includes mechanical soil compaction, with layers of soil compacted multiple times to ensure stability. Iron arch beams are placed every 1.5 meters, supported by pillars and fixed piles. Additional measures like anchor trenches, galvanized wire strings, and corn stalk coverings help enhance insulation and durability. For planting, 305 cement posts, each 1.3 meters tall, are spaced 1.2 meters apart in rows 1.5 meters apart. Each post hosts two dragon fruit seedlings. Before planting, the soil is enriched with organic compost and diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer. Cultivation requires careful watering, as dragon fruit is drought-tolerant but sensitive to waterlogging. Watering should be done sparingly, especially during fruit development. Fertilization must follow the principle of using organic fertilizers supplemented with chemical ones to ensure balanced nutrition. Since the root system is shallow and fibrous, fertilizers should be applied carefully near the surface. Pruning is crucial to maintain plant structure. After planting, seedlings are pruned to leave one main trunk, while other branches are removed. When the trunk reaches 1.3 to 1.5 meters, topping encourages lateral growth, which leads to fruit production. Only 20 branches per plant are retained, with three fruits per branch, ensuring optimal fruit size and quality. Pest control is relatively minimal, but snails and crickets may damage young shoots, and fruit flies can infest mature fruits. Lime-based treatments and biological pesticides like "Thousand Insects" are effective solutions. Harvesting occurs about 30–40 days after flowering, when the skin turns bright red and shiny. Fruit clips are used to cut the stems, leaving a small portion to reduce nutrient loss. After harvest, the fruit is stored in baskets to avoid damage and can last up to 15 days at room temperature or over two months in a refrigerated environment.

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The functional mode of NVR technology application is relatively flexible and can meet the functional requirements of today's video monitoring system to a large extent. The small NVR scheme with NVR technology as the core has the advantages of small scale, flexible operation, convenient use, economy and practicality. Its front end mainly supports 8-way 720P high-definition video image access with high-definition video camera, and then realizes the centralized management and real-time storage of high-definition video image information through NVR technology. In addition, this small NVR scheme can also support remote management of video images, preview analysis of video images, real-time upload of gigabit network interface video image data, local preview, video playback and other functions. The small NVR high-definition video scheme has a high overall cost performance ratio, simple system and high operational flexibility. This small NVR high-definition video monitoring system is widely used in the centralized video monitoring field in small areas such as companies, factories, family villas, offices, shops, supermarkets, etc.

With the further increase of functional requirements for high-definition video monitoring system, the video monitoring system is required to have the technical performance of expansion, cascade and standard ONVIF communication protocol. The HD cameras of different manufacturers and brands at the front end of the video monitoring system can be organically interconnected through NVR equipment. In this way, a unified functional integrated LAN can be built through NVR to achieve NVR cascade, expansion and mass storage in the video monitoring system. In addition, a centralized advanced application management technology platform is built at the back end through NVR expansion, which can uniformly manage and configure the NVR device group to achieve multi-user forwarding and various application function services (forwarding/management server group) within the region, mainly including: forwarding server, management server, storage database, on-demand server, advanced client application software and other functional modules. The medium-sized NVR high-definition video system is usually used in the medium-sized high-definition video surveillance projects with routes below 1000. Its advantages are that NVR can achieve distributed layout and centralized and unified storage, and its operation stability is high. The back-end technology platform carries out unified management and application, and can achieve multi-user and multi-level integrated and unified application services. The secondary medium-sized network mainly focuses on the urban video monitoring architecture of district, county or prefecture level cities. It realizes the storage of video image data and the centralized communication management of access to front-end equipment through NVR, thus realizing the storage, management, client video image preview, local decoding on the wall and other service application functions of front-end high-definition camera video. At the same time, it can also be authorized by the provincial video monitoring center, The video image information can be previewed, controlled and shared among clients of different levels of users, fully meeting the normal video monitoring function requirements of secondary users in cities such as prefectures, counties and cities.
On the basis of the secondary network structure, a large NVR high-definition video system is built by converging into the primary network through private networks, optical networks, and public service networks. The storage and forwarding services of the primary network are realized through the industrial control NVR, and the redundant and safe backup of the video monitoring system is realized at the same time. This distributed multi-level coordinated back-end centralized management network mode greatly provides the overall function and fault tolerance of the video monitoring system, highlights the ease of operation and reliability of the high-definition video monitoring system based on NVR technology, and meets the flexibility, multi-function performance, sharing Emergency handling and other functional requirements.

NVR technology has been widely promoted and applied in urban safe storage, national security and other engineering projects with its own advantages in many aspects. Driven by market and technology, NVR technology will become the mainstream technology in the field of urban security high-definition video surveillance, with very strong theoretical research and practical application prospects

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