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Paddy rice
Anclylomia japonica, commonly known as the rice straw nest borer or Japanese rice nest oyster, is a species of moth belonging to the family Acrididae, within the order Lepidoptera. This pest is widely distributed across Asian rice-growing regions and primarily infests rice plants. The larvae are particularly destructive, feeding inside cylindrical nests made of frass and plant debris, typically located in the middle or upper parts of rice leaves. As they feed, the affected areas turn white, and after completing their development, the larvae move to the base of the rice plants, cutting off leaves or tender stems and dragging them into their nests. Once finished eating, they expel the remaining material, leaving behind damaged and weakened rice plants.
The adult moths have a body length of 11–14 mm and a wingspan of 25–35 mm. They exhibit a grayish-yellow coloration, with females being slightly lighter. Their lower lip is flat and light brown, and its length is about twice the diameter of the compound eye. The antennae are serrated and brown in color. The forewings display a brownish-brown base with wavy silver-gray stripes along the outer edges, as well as 5–10 short vertical stripes with indistinct edges. Scattered black spots appear on these lines, and a light yellow band runs along the lower part of the central chamber. The hind wings range from white to brown. Male moths have flattened antennae with serrated sides. The eggs are approximately 1 mm long, chestnut-shaped, light brown, and feature vertical ridges on their surface. The final instar larvae measure 16–26 mm in length, with a grayish-yellow body, dark brown head and thoracic plate, and five brown vertical lines along the back. Each segment has a pair of short spines, and the larva measures about 12 mm in length, with a brownish color.
In terms of life habits, this species completes three generations per year in southern China. The last instar larvae overwinter in rice straw piles or weeds. Adults emerge between late April and early June, with subsequent generations appearing in late June to early August and late August to late October. During the day, adults hide in rice fields or among weeds, becoming active at night. They lay eggs on the rhizosphere or on the stems and leaves of rice plants, often in clusters covered with fine hairs. The egg-laying period lasts 1–9 days, and each female can lay between 100 and 700 eggs.
For prevention and control, it is crucial to monitor rice fields during the early growth stages when the larvae are actively feeding. Early intervention, such as using appropriate insecticides or biological control methods, can significantly reduce damage and protect crop yield. Farmers should also focus on proper field management, including removing rice straw and weeds where larvae may overwinter, to minimize future infestations.