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Four-year high-yield and efficient cultivation techniques for strawberry
To ensure the successful cultivation of large fruit strawberries, proper preparation and management are essential. Here is a detailed guide to help you grow high-quality strawberries effectively.
**1. Pre-Planting Preparation**
First, choose a suitable location for your strawberry garden. Large fruit strawberries thrive in well-drained, loose, and fertile sandy loam or neutral soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. They require ample sunlight, good water supply, and protection from extreme weather conditions. It’s best to use organic compost or clay loam soil to improve soil quality and reduce disease risk. Crop rotation is also recommended to maintain soil health and prevent diseases.
Before planting, apply 3,000 to 5,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. Plow the soil to a depth of about 30 cm to mix the nutrients thoroughly. This helps create a rich growing environment for the plants.
Next, prepare the planting area by either flat raking or ridging. For flat planting, create beds that are 1.2–1.5 meters wide and 15 cm high, suitable for 3–4 rows. In low-lying or poorly drained areas, ridging is preferred. Ridges should be 15–20 cm high, 40–70 cm wide, with furrows between them for drainage and irrigation.
**2. Planting Techniques**
Select strong seedlings with 4–6 large leaves, thick stems, and healthy roots. Ideally, use tissue-cultured seedlings from the first or second generation to avoid pests and diseases. For better pollination and higher yields, plant two varieties alternately or have 70% main variety and 30% pollinator variety within 20–30 meters of each other.
The planting density should allow good air circulation and light penetration. A spacing of 30–40 cm between plants and 40–50 cm between rows is ideal, using a triangular planting pattern. Ensure the planting depth is correct—neither too deep nor too shallow.
Planting is best done in spring (late March to early April) or autumn (late August to late October), depending on your local climate.
**3. Post-Planting Care**
Weed control is crucial. Before planting, apply herbicides like 48% trifluralin EC at 100–125 ml per 35 kg of water, followed by light tilling. Alternatively, use 50% naphtylamine wettable powder or 40% simazine suspension for effective weed suppression. During growth, apply selective herbicides at key stages, such as when weeds reach the 3–5 leaf stage.
Fertilization is important throughout the growing season. Apply top-dressing 4–6 times annually, using 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Avoid applying fertilizer directly to the plant crown to prevent damage. Foliar sprays with NPK at 0.2–0.3% concentration can also be used every 20 days. Water regularly, maintaining 70–80% of the soil’s maximum water-holding capacity, and consider drip irrigation for efficiency.
Prune flower buds and runners early to encourage larger fruits. Remove small or deformed fruits to focus energy on producing high-quality berries. Also, remove old leaves to promote new growth and keep the plant healthy.
**4. Mulching and Disease Control**
Cover the plants with black plastic mulch after mid-October to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and improve fruit quality. The mulch should be tight around the edges, with small openings for the plants. Keep the surface clean and intact until harvest.
Monitor for diseases and pests such as gray mold, aphids, and grasshoppers. Use shade nets and ensure good ventilation to reduce humidity and prevent disease outbreaks. Regularly inspect the plants and treat any issues promptly.
**5. Winter Management**
Strawberries continue flowering if temperatures remain moderate. In colder regions, cover the plants with a greenhouse or tunnel when temperatures drop below 5–7°C. This ensures continuous production and protects the plants from frost.
By following these steps, you can successfully grow large, high-quality strawberries while maintaining a healthy and productive garden.