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Four-year high-yield and efficient cultivation techniques for strawberry
**Preparation Before Planting**
1. Choosing the right garden is crucial for growing large fruit strawberries. These plants thrive in well-drained, fertile, and loose soil with good aeration, ideally sandy loam or neutral soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. They require plenty of sunlight, water, but are sensitive to drought and poor drainage. To improve soil quality, it's recommended to use organic compost or clay loam, and implement crop rotation to reduce disease risks.
2. Before planting, apply 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre. After application, plow the soil to a depth of about 30 cm to ensure even mixing.
3. Prepare the planting area by either leveling the ground or creating raised beds. For flat planting, create ridges that are 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide, 10 to 20 meters long, and 15 cm high. In low-lying or poorly drained areas, raised beds should be 15 to 20 cm high, with a width of 40 to 70 cm and a furrow of 15 to 20 cm. This helps with drainage and moisture control.
**Planting Techniques**
1. Select strong seedlings with 4 to 6 large leaves, thick stems, and healthy roots. Use tissue-cultured seedlings from the first or second generation to avoid pests and diseases.
2. While some strawberry varieties can self-pollinate, cross-pollination significantly improves fruit set and reduces deformed fruits. Plant two varieties alternately or use 70% main variety and 30% pollinator variety, ensuring they are no more than 20 to 30 meters apart.
3. Maintain a planting density of 30 to 40 cm between plants and 40 to 50 cm between rows, using a triangular planting pattern to maximize space and promote airflow.
4. Plant seedlings at the correct depth—neither too deep nor too shallow. Dig small holes, place the seedling, and gently firm the soil around the roots.
5. The best planting times are early spring (March to April) or late autumn (August to October), depending on local climate conditions.
**Post-Planting Management**
1. **Weed Control**: Before planting, apply herbicides like 48% trifluralin EC (100–125 ml per 35 kg water) or 50% naphtylamine wettable powder (100–200 g per 30 metric tons). Ensure the soil is moist for maximum effectiveness. During growth, use selective herbicides such as 35% metolachlor EC or 10% chlorimuron-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate to control weeds without harming the plants.
2. **Fertilization and Watering**: Apply top dressing 4–6 times a year, using 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Avoid applying directly into the plant’s center to prevent leaf burn. Foliar sprays of NPK (0.2–0.3%) should be applied every 20 days. Water regularly to maintain 70–80% soil moisture, especially during dry periods. Drip irrigation is highly recommended for efficient water use.
3. **Thinning and Pruning**: Remove flower buds and runners early to encourage larger fruit. At flowering, keep 4–5 large flowers per plant and remove smaller ones. After fruiting, remove small or deformed fruits to focus energy on producing high-quality berries.
4. **Stolon Removal**: Remove runners throughout the growing season to conserve nutrients and increase yield. A spray of paclobutrazol (100–200 ppm) in mid-August can help control runner growth.
5. **Leaf Removal**: Regularly remove old, yellowing leaves to promote new growth. Cut the petiole close to the base once it starts to turn yellow.
6. **Mulching**: Cover the soil with black plastic mulch (0.65–0.70 m wide, 1.5 filaments thick) after planting in mid-October. Ensure the film is tight, with small openings for the plants. This helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and improve fruit quality.
7. **Disease and Pest Control**: Monitor for common issues like gray mold, aphids, and grasshoppers. Improve air circulation through shading and ventilation, and apply appropriate fungicides and insecticides when necessary.
**Winter Management**
Strawberries continue to flower and bear fruit if temperatures remain suitable. In colder regions, cover the plants with a greenhouse or tunnel when temperatures drop below 5–7°C in late October to protect them and ensure continuous production. Maintain proper temperature and humidity levels throughout the winter to support healthy growth.