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Pay close attention to controlling botrytis cinerea
In recent weeks, prolonged periods of cold weather, overcast skies, and low sunlight have led to a widespread outbreak of Botrytis cinerea in greenhouses. This fungal disease has affected a wide range of crops, including tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, kidney beans, celery, leeks, and strawberries. The damage has been severe, with some greenhouses experiencing significant yield losses.
**Symptoms**
Botrytis cinerea primarily affects the upper parts of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. The infection usually starts on lower leaves, petals, and fruits near the ground before spreading to other areas. Fruits are particularly vulnerable, often showing symptoms near the stem or fruit base. Affected areas appear water-soaked, soft, and rapidly expand. A gray mold layer develops on the surface of the infected tissue. Infected petals turn brown and rot, covered in a dense layer of gray mold. On stems and branches, irregularly shaped lesions appear, often surrounded by a gray, moldy coating. As the disease progresses, the upper parts of the infected stems may wilt and die. On leaves, the lesions typically spread from the edges inward in a "V" shape, forming large light brown to yellow-brown spots, all covered with a gray mold layer.
**Causes**
The disease is caused by a fungus that survives in soil or on infected plant debris. It spreads through wind, rain, irrigation water, and human activities. High humidity, low temperatures, and poor light conditions create an ideal environment for the fungus to thrive. Extended periods of cloudiness, combined with high humidity and poor ventilation, significantly increase the risk of infection. Botrytis cinerea is a weak parasite that invades wounds, aging tissues, or dead plant material. The flowering stage is the most critical period for infection, especially during fruit development when irrigation is frequent.
**Prevention and Control**
1. Ensure proper ventilation in the greenhouse to reduce humidity levels.
2. Water plants in the morning using drip irrigation. Avoid overwatering once the disease is detected to minimize condensation on the roof and leaf surfaces.
3. Keep the greenhouse roof clean to improve light penetration.
4. Remove and dispose of infected flowers, fruits, and leaves promptly.
5. Apply a fungicide solution by dipping flowers. Mix 0.1% of 50% acetaminophen wettable powder with 2,4-D or anti-dropping agent, then apply it directly to the flowers.
6. During overcast days, use 10% quick-silver smoke agent at 300 grams per acre, or 5% Garnett dust agent at 1 kg per acre. Apply every 9–11 days for 2–3 treatments.
7. At the early stages of infection, spray 65% KedeLing WP diluted 1000 times, 50% Kaiser Water Dispersible Granules diluted 1500 times, or 50% acetaminophen WP diluted 1500 times. Repeat every 7–10 days, applying 1–2 times consecutively. Alternate between different fungicides to prevent resistance.
8. In low-temperature and low-light conditions, plants may become weak. To boost their health, apply a seaweed-based fertilizer such as Fertivagra 1000 times dilution or chelated micro-fertilizer Stykopoop 1000 times to enhance plant vigor and resistance.