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Semi-enclosed circulating water ecological fish culture technology
The "Semi-Enclosed Circulating Water Ecological Fish Farming System" is an innovative approach that integrates biotechnology to maintain water quality, utilizes eco-friendly probiotics for disease prevention, and ensures that farmed tilapia are free from drug residues, making it a safe and sustainable fish farming method.
First, the key technical components of the system include:
1. **Fish Ponds**: These have been redesigned from traditional ponds (700–1500 m²) into smaller, oval-shaped concrete pools (80–120 m²). These pools feature water inflow and outflow systems with automatic waste discharge, which increases water volume and reduces pollution from fish waste.
2. **Oxygenation Facilities**: Instead of using dispersing aerators, the system now employs centralized blowers for aeration, improving oxygen levels in the water while reducing energy consumption and maintenance efforts.
3. **Water Purification System**: This system combines physical, chemical, and biological methods. It includes bio-packs and dirt filters, achieving 80% removal of ammonia and 75% removal of organic matter, meeting the standards for recycled fish farming water.
4. **Disinfection and Disease Prevention**: An ozone generator is installed at the water inlet, achieving an 80–90% sterilization rate, significantly reducing the occurrence of fish diseases and minimizing the need for antibiotics, thus lowering pollution risks.
5. **Water Temperature Control**: Three hot water wells supply water at 40–90°C, allowing for both heating and cooling of the fish pond and purification tank. In winter, plastic greenhouses and solar heating are used to maintain optimal temperatures. Additional support facilities include feed processing plants and laboratories equipped with microscopes, clean benches, and water quality testing equipment for monitoring and analysis.
Second, the production outcomes have been impressive. After one full production cycle, the system has successfully controlled harmful indicators such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and organic matter. The fish yield increased from 3–4 kg/m³ to 50 kg/m³. The feed conversion ratio for adult fish is 1.8–2.0, and for fry, it’s 1.3–1.5. The product meets the standard for pollution-free food. Additionally, the treated wastewater is reused efficiently, saving 31.4 cubic meters of water per 1 kg of water produced. This makes the system one of the most water-efficient in the country, and the environmental impact of fishery waste has been significantly reduced.
Third, despite its success, there are still challenges due to limited time, experience, and funding. Some issues include:
1. Genetic instability in tilapia requires careful strain selection.
2. The system lacks automation, including automated feeding and computerized control systems.
3. The sedimentation and water purification tanks need expansion.
4. There is a shortage of high-quality, specialized fish breeds suitable for high-density ecological farming.
5. The self-developed equipment is not yet fully optimized and needs further trial, refinement, and promotion.
Overall, this system offers a promising model for sustainable aquaculture and provides valuable lessons for future development.