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Semi-enclosed circulating water ecological fish culture technology
The "Semi-Enclosed Circulating Water Ecological Fish Farming System" represents an innovative approach that integrates biotechnology to maintain water quality, utilizes non-polluting probiotics to prevent fish diseases, and ensures that farmed tilapia is free from drug residues, making it a safe and sustainable food source.
**Main Technical Components**
This system consists of five key components, each playing a vital role in maintaining an efficient and eco-friendly fish farming environment:
1. **Fish Pond**: The traditional fish pond, typically ranging from 700 to 1500 square meters, has been redesigned into an oval-shaped concrete pool with an area of 80 to 120 square meters. This design allows for better water circulation, automatic waste removal, and improved water quality by reducing pollution from fish excrement.
2. **Oxygenation Facilities**: Instead of using dispersing aerators, the system now employs centralized blower aeration. This not only increases oxygen levels in the water but also improves energy efficiency and simplifies operation and maintenance.
3. **Water Purification System**: A combination of physical, chemical, and biological treatments has been developed through bio-packed filters and sedimentation tanks. This system effectively removes 80% of ammonia and 75% of organic matter, ensuring that the water meets the standards required for recirculating aquaculture systems.
4. **Disinfection and Disease Prevention**: An ozone generator is installed at the inlet of the water supply system, achieving a sterilization rate of 80–90%. This significantly reduces the incidence of fish disease and minimizes the need for antibiotics, thereby reducing environmental pollution.
5. **Water Temperature Regulation**: Three hot water wells provide water temperatures between 40°C and 90°C, allowing for both heating and cooling of the ponds. During winter, plastic greenhouses and solar heating are used to maintain optimal water temperatures. Additional support facilities include feed processing plants and laboratories equipped with microscopes, clean benches, and water quality testing equipment to monitor and manage fish health and feed quality.
**Production Results**
After a full production cycle, the system has achieved remarkable results. It effectively controls critical water parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and organic matter, creating an ideal ecological environment for fish. Fish yield increased from 3–4 kg per cubic meter to 50 kg per cubic meter. The feed conversion ratio for adult fish is 1.8–2.0, while for fry it is 1.3–1.5. The final product meets the standards for pollution-free food. Additionally, the system recycles wastewater efficiently, saving 31.4 cubic meters of water for every kilogram of water produced. This water-saving performance ranks among the best domestically, and the environmental impact of fish farm wastewater has been significantly reduced.
**Challenges and Future Improvements**
Although this system offers valuable insights into sustainable aquaculture, there are still challenges due to limited time, experience, and funding. These include:
1. Genetic instability in tilapia requires ongoing strain selection to improve resilience and growth rates.
2. The system lacks full automation, including automated feeding, computerized monitoring, and bacterial cultivation subsystems.
3. The sedimentation and purification tanks need expansion to handle larger volumes of water more efficiently.
4. There is a lack of high-quality, specialized fish breeds suitable for high-density, recycled water farming.
5. The equipment was developed internally and is still being refined through trial and error, requiring continuous improvement and wider adoption.
Overall, the semi-enclosed circulating water ecological fish farming system represents a promising step toward environmentally friendly and economically viable aquaculture. With further development and refinement, it has the potential to become a model for sustainable fish farming worldwide.