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Improve the effectiveness of white shrimp culture in South America
According to a recent survey, many farmers faced challenges in breeding South American white shrimp last year, leading to low survival rates and small sizes. These issues were primarily attributed to factors such as poor shrimp quality, improper stocking timing, inadequate seed desalination, incorrect stocking density, and insufficient disease prevention measures. The substandard quality of the shrimp significantly reduced aquaculture efficiency. To address these problems, we are now sharing effective techniques to achieve high yields and improved efficiency in large-scale, high-quality Penaeus vannamei farming.
First, selecting high-quality shrimp seedlings is crucial for improving survival rates and overall productivity. When purchasing seedlings, it's essential to choose healthy, active, and uniformly sized shrimp with clean bodies, well-developed muscles, and clear eyes. They should show strong responses to external stimuli and exhibit directional swimming behavior. It’s also recommended to test for viral infections if possible to ensure they are disease-free. Additionally, a water resistance test can help identify high-quality seedlings.
Second, timely stocking is important. Farmers should use the "Tangkou scattered gradually dilute" method. In the culture ponds, 3%–5% of a small area is sealed with plastic film, and 3–4‰ low-salt water is prepared. Shrimp seedlings are then desalted at a density of 1200–1500 per square meter. After about half a month of gradual dilution, the shrimp grow to around 2 cm in length and are moved into the main pond, where the stocking density is approximately 70,000 per mu.
Third, maintaining good water quality is essential. The ideal water color for white shrimp cultivation is green algae or diatoms, appearing yellow-green or yellow-brown. This color should be actively managed throughout the growing process. Early in the cycle, organic fertilizers can be applied, and top-dressing should be adjusted based on water clarity, pH, and other parameters, typically once a week. As waste accumulates, the water may darken, and this can be controlled by changing water or applying quicklime. Microbial preparations like photosynthetic bacteria and EM (Effective Microorganisms) can also be used to break down organic matter, reduce oxygen demand, and stabilize water color. Monitoring pH and dissolved oxygen levels is equally important—P. vannamei thrives in a pH range of 7.8–8.5, which can be maintained using lime. Dissolved oxygen should be above 5 mg/L in the water and 3 mg/L at the pond bottom, achieved through regular aeration.
Fourth, feeding should be done scientifically. High-quality commercial feed is commonly used. The feeding amount depends on factors such as shrimp size, survival rate, water quality, and weather. During the medium growth phase (shrimp 3–8 cm), feed should be 6%–8% of their body weight, while in the later stage (over 8 cm), it should be 4%–5%. Feeding twice daily, at 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM, with night feeding accounting for 50% of the total. Feed should be evenly distributed along the pond edges to ensure all shrimp get adequate nutrition.
Fifth, disease prevention is critical. Proactive measures are key. Maintaining good water quality is the foundation of disease control. Regular disinfection and insect control are also necessary. For example, in June and August, dibromohydantoin and avermectin can be used to sterilize the water and kill pests, effectively preventing disease outbreaks.
Lastly, proper management and record-keeping are vital. Farming staff should document water temperature, feeding schedules, medication use, and shrimp growth regularly. Collecting technical data helps establish a comprehensive breeding archive, allowing for timely adjustments in management practices and providing valuable experience for future seasons.