1. Spots: Phytotoxicity often appears on the leaves, showing as yellow, brown, or dead spots. For example, applying butachlor early in rice fields may lead to brown spots, while high concentrations of mancozeb can cause spotting along the leaf edges. 2. Yellowing: This occurs when pesticides interfere with chlorophyll production, block photosynthesis, or damage existing chlorophyll. For instance, the use of certain herbicides in watermelon fields can result in yellowing of new shoots, while tribenuron applied in wheat fields might cause yellowing in neighboring crops. 3. Malformation: Various plant parts can be affected, leading to deformities such as curled leaves, tufted growth, swollen roots, misshapen ears, or malformed fruits. High concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid on tomatoes can cause leaf curling, while improper application of 2,4-D may result in hollow or deformed fruits. Poor-quality triacontanol can also lead to leaf curling in tomatoes. 4. Withering: This type of injury typically affects the entire plant and is commonly caused by herbicides. For example, watermelon seedlings exposed to chlorothalonil may show yellowing and burnt leaf margins, followed by overall plant wilting. In beans, high pesticide concentrations can cause wilting, stunted growth, and even death of seedlings. 5. Growth Stagnation: This occurs when growth inhibitors or herbicides are used incorrectly. An excessive amount of chlormequat, for example, can stop crop development entirely, leading to a lack of growth. 6. Infertility: This type of phytotoxicity usually happens during flowering due to improper pesticide application. When rice is in the heading stage, applying certain chemicals like "rice feet" can lead to empty grains and reduced yield. 7. Shedding: This is common in fruit trees and other dicot plants, causing flowers, leaves, or fruits to fall prematurely. For example, applying isocarbophosphate to peach trees or omethoate during bloom can lead to defoliation, while ethephon use in mountain fruit trees can cause both fruit drop and leaf loss. 8. Inferior Fruit Quality: Phytotoxicity can also affect fruit appearance and quality. For example, if watermelons are treated with ethephon, the fruits may turn dark red and develop an unpleasant odor, reducing their market value. In general, phytotoxicity can manifest in various ways depending on the chemical used, the timing of application, and the sensitivity of the plant species. It's crucial to follow label instructions carefully to avoid unintended damage and ensure healthy crop growth. Guangzhou Fuerle Health Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.fuerlegroup.com