The development of pollution-free aquatic drugs is an important part of the production of pollution-free aquatic products, and the use of high-tech research and development of Chinese herbal medicines for aquatic products is an important way to develop safe and high-quality green aquatic products. A large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that aquatic products made from Chinese herbal medicines have the advantages of naturalness, versatility, low toxic and side effects, and no drug resistance. They are ideal aquatic products for replacing antibiotics, insecticides and additives. . It can not only improve the aquaculture production level of aquatic animals, but also can reduce the occurrence of aquatic animal diseases, eliminate certain fulminant, stubborn incurable diseases, and fundamentally solve the deterioration of water quality, while also significantly improving the quality and improvement of aquatic products. The immune function of aquatic animals further confirmed the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases. Therefore, the author discusses the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, the unique curative effect of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and control of aquatic disease, the problems in the use of Chinese herbal medicine in aquaculture, and the development trend of Chinese herbal medicine in aquaculture. The basic characteristics and pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine The natural Chinese herbal medicine itself is a natural organic material. It takes automatic, plant, mineral and its products, and maintains the natural state and biological activity of various constituent structures. Versatility Natural Chinese herbal medicines are mostly complex organic substances, and their components are in dozens or even hundreds of species. According to the modern “structure-activity relationship†theory, one ingredient can produce a role. Chinese herbal medicine has its own nutritional properties. Insects, anti-stress, anti-microbial, and enhance the immune function of two-way regulation and complex effects and other multi-functional characteristics. Side effects and residuals Slight side effects are the general term for animal toxicity, side effects, aftereffects, and maladaptive effects on human health. Chinese herbal medicine is different from chemical synthetic medicines in that it has natural structure and biological activity. Its composition is in harmony with the animal body, and it is easily absorbed and utilized. If it is not absorbed, it can be smoothly eliminated from the body. The effect on the body is mostly to activate immune cells and improve. The main function of immunity. Therefore, there is no drug residue problem. However, "it is a drug three-point poison," Chinese herbal medicine is no exception, if taken improperly will cause adverse consequences. Of course, the active ingredients contained in Chinese herbal medicine are all biological organic matter. Even if it is a Chinese herbal medicine containing toxic ingredients, scientific deployment and traditional processing can also reduce or weaken the toxicity or act synergistically to increase the efficacy. Non-resistance The unique anti-microbial and parasite principle of natural Chinese herbal medicine is very different from that of antibiotics. This is because Chinese herbal medicine is used to prevent and treat animal diseases by improving the animal's own disease resistance and immunity. Acts on pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, pathogenic microorganisms do not produce resistance to Chinese herbal medicine. Application of Chinese herbal medicine in aquaculture Since the implementation of the national unified standard for the abolition of landmark products, Chinese herbal medicine accounted for about 50% of the aquatic medicines. The Chinese standard Chinese herbal medicine has three flavors: single flavor, multiple flavors, and Chinese-Western combination. Through more than one year of practice, it has been shown that some products can achieve the indicated therapeutic effects. For example, Yikang (Sanhuang San) can be administered orally for five days. Bacterial caused by whiteheads and gill disease in fish has significant curative effect, and it also has certain prevention and control effect on viral hemorrhagic disease of grass carp; Gallnut is not only a bacterial cause of enteritis, grub, acne, etc. Diseases such as skin skin have obvious therapeutic effects, and they also have a good therapeutic effect on fungus-induced water mildew and mold mildew; through many practices, it has been proved that Galla chinensis is combined with Red Liver Xiaodan San (Yuganbaosan) For grass carp, carp, catfish hepatobiliary syndrome caused by bleeding also has obvious therapeutic effect. Another example is that the flamingo (bitter ginseng) not only kills the parasites of crustaceans and protozoa of fish and shrimp, but also causes bacterial-induced enteritis and gill rot, especially for water-type spot falsification. The vertical scale disease caused by the bacteria has obvious therapeutic effect. According to the report of the Yellow River Fish Disease Research Institute in Shanxi Province, they used quail, Chinese angelica root, red sage root, spicy sorghum, wormwood, capillaris, atractylodes, shichangpu, malt, grain bud, dandelion, divine song, Guanzhong, aconite, earthworm, black snake The pure Chinese herbal medicine prepared from certain proportions of wolfberry, wolfberry, cinnabar, etc. was added at 0.4% to the feed, and the freshwater warm-water fish such as grass carp, carp, carp, and Wuchang fish were regularly fed. The results showed that the medicine not only promoted Growth and disease prevention can also effectively increase feed utilization. Especially after experimenting with four kinds of fish, they can save 10% to 15% of the average bait. Adding this product to feed for a long time basically eliminates the occurrence of hemorrhagic disease, enteritis disease, gill disease and refractory fatty liver disease of grass carp. The use of this product on first-year grass carp can make the survival rate of fish species reach 95%. the above. In 2006, the fish in the channel fish rearing in the Jingjiang area of ​​Hubei Province caused a devastating death due to infection with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. During the treatment period, they had no curative effect after being fed with various antibiotics and a variety of external disinfectants. In the end, they used the combination of rhubarb, Phellodendron, Astragalus, Guanzhong, Pulsatilla, and other fish and shrimps for blood coagulation, and they were fed for 5 days~7. The day basically controlled the condition. Practice has proved that Chinese herbal medicine not only has a significant killing effect on a variety of pathogens in the prevention and control of aquaculture animal diseases, but also has a special treatment effect of the same disease. The problems existing in the application of Chinese herbal medicine are biased against the curative effect of Chinese herbal medicine. Most fishermen and aquaculture practitioners believe that Chinese herbal medicine is used to treat diseases due to the lack of aquaculture animal disease technology, lack of understanding of the concept of prevention of disease in aquatic animals and the lack of understanding of the properties and characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine. At that time, the curative effect was low, the effect was slow, and there was a prejudice that was not as effective as chemical agents. It was unwilling to use Chinese herbal medicine to prevent and treat diseases. This is a common problem in the current fishery field. Inconvenient operation The Chinese herbal medicine has four types: powders, pills, capsules, and injections. Due to the characteristics of aquatic animals in the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases, they can only be used orally, splashed, and medicinal baths. They must be different before use. The medication preparation work, such as the need to use oral and adhesive with feed and mix, fed with water and frying and soaking treatment, obviously this is much more trouble than the use of antibiotics, usually affect the mood of fishermen medication . Shortage of supplies, rising prices Due to the advantages of Chinese herbal medicines such as pollution-free, pollution-free, and permanent cure, it has been widely used in medicine, veterinary drugs, and daily chemical industries, resulting in the demand for Chinese herbal medicines that exceed supply, making certain Chinese herbal medicines become scarce in supply and rising in price. Such as Galla chinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rhubarb, Bupleurum and other species commonly used in the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases, which is also hindering the application of Chinese herbal medicine in fishery production. Although there are factors such as slow efficacy, troublesome use, and high prices of some raw materials in the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases, the main reasons for these problems are the lack of prevention techniques for aquatic animal diseases and the profound understanding of the characteristics and properties of Chinese herbal medicine. of. Development prospects of Chinese herbal medicine With the increase of drug residues in animal products, the harm to human health is also growing. Consumers also pay more and more attention to the green food market because of their own safety. Therefore, various governments have established relevant laws and regulations to control the drug residues in animal products. Since 2006, the Chinese government has carried out a thorough rectification of aquatic medicines, established quality inspection agencies in various places, and stepped up efforts to rectify unqualified products. In particular, the government has adopted more effective countermeasures against illegal drugs. The application of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and control of aquatic diseases has become more and more obvious. This has attracted the attention of foreign fisheries experts. Finally, aquatic Chinese herbal medicines will surely enter the international market as well as Chinese proprietary Chinese medicines, and will be used by aquatic animal breeders and consumers in various countries. Together with the approval. As we all know, Chinese herbal medicine has been in the development history of China for thousands of years. Traditional Chinese medicine regulates the balance of "yin and yang" in the human body and the viewpoint of "righteous memory and evil" is well known and accepted by the Chinese people. Chinese people have traditionally used Chinese herbal medicine to supplement their habits. Medicinal diet has become a feature of many high-end hotels and restaurants. Therefore, the use of Chinese herbal medicines to prevent and treat diseased aquatic products has become a "green health food" and has become popular among consumers. In summary, the development and use of Chinese herbal medicines not only solves the problem of drug residues that cannot be solved by antibiotics and their substitutes, but also can significantly improve China's fishery production level and product quality, and enable China's aquatic products to successfully enter the international market and participate in international competition. Therefore, the application of Chinese herbal medicine in fishery production has broad prospects for development.
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