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Musk Rat Feeding Management
Spring feeding and management is a critical time for preparing and breeding seedlings. In southern regions, the preparation and breeding period usually begins in February, with the actual breeding season starting in March. In northern areas, the breeding season typically starts in March, with the full breeding period beginning in April. The following are key management practices for each phase:
(1) Preparation Period: A thorough inventory of the rodent population should be conducted, and the health condition of the breeding animals should be checked. Water should be supplied to the pools in advance, and fresh grass should be placed in the nests. The nest temperature should be maintained at 10–12°C to encourage estrus. It’s important to ensure that each nest contains a pair of males and females. For rats that were not in estrus at the end of the previous year, place a bulb 50–60 cm away from the pool cover in the evening (between 6–9 PM) for several hours to stimulate estrus. During the breeding season, provide sufficient concentrate feed and roughage, such as fresh poplar and willow branches, supplemented with vegetables like cabbage and carrots. Ensure proper epidemic prevention measures. Olaquindox should be mixed into the concentrate twice daily during water supply. Additionally, add 1 kg of flour or malt per 100 kg of concentrate material and continue this until the breeding period ends.
(2) Breeding Period: Along with the same management as the preparation phase, it's essential to place branches or green grass on the sports area to create a hiding environment and serve as a source of roughage for self-feeding.
(3) Farrowing and Lactation Period: Continue providing fine feed and the same roughage as before. Depending on local availability, mix soy milk or cow and goat milk to support the nutrition needs of both the mother and the pups. Provide fresh herbs and branches according to the season. Ensure there is always enough fresh roughage available, and allow the animals to retreat into the water to avoid accidental drowning by blind mice.
(4) Rearing Period: When pups are 28–30 days old, separate the nests to facilitate the next litter and mating. Keep littermates together and provide ample concentrate and palatable roughage. Maintain clean and full bath water in the pool to prevent drowning. Pups can be bred after three months of being separated into new nests.
Summer management is similar to spring, but focus more on hygiene, disinfection of the area and tools, and prompt treatment of any health issues. During the rainy season, administer 2 mg olaquindox tablets every 10 days. Since muskrats are herbivores, antibiotics should be avoided to prevent digestive problems caused by imbalances in gut flora. In summer, breeding, birthing, and rearing can occur simultaneously. As they are multi-litter animals, they can breed again shortly after giving birth. Healthy pups should be breastfed, and multiple offspring can be raised together. Ensure a quiet environment and provide clean, sufficient bath water.
Fall management involves preparing winter feed and storing hay. Select breeding muskrats and pair brooding mice from different nests for winter breeding. If there are not enough nests, use cluster nests to raise them. Complete the selection and pairing process before winter. Before late autumn and winter, change fresh water every other day or every few days until the water freezes.
Winter management focuses on providing adequate heating, timely feeding, and regular observation. Fill the pool with hay so the muskrats can live comfortably in a grass-filled hole. Feed vegetables once daily and observe their behavior and record any changes.