Cotton is currently in the boll-opening stage, and proper management is essential to promote early maturity, prevent premature aging, increase boll weight and number, reduce rotting, and ensure faster boll opening for higher yields. Effective care during this period plays a critical role in the final quality and productivity of the crop. One important practice is foliar fertilization to prevent early leaf senescence. As August progresses, the root system’s ability to absorb nutrients declines. For fields that are nutrient-deficient or have poor soil fertility, foliar sprays can be used to supplement essential elements. A mixture of 1-1.2% urea solution, 600 times diluted organic potassium (rich in potassium), 1000 times diluted Sonic Boron, and 0.3% zinc sulfate can be applied at a rate of 50-60 kg per mu. These sprays can also be combined with pesticide applications for added protection. It's recommended to apply this treatment every 7–10 days for 3–4 times. Pest and disease control is another key aspect. In the late growth stages, cotton is vulnerable to diseases such as yellow wilt and red stem blight. Yellow wilt can be managed using potassium permanganate or high-dose carbendazim. For red stem blight, applying foliar organic potassium fertilizer can significantly reduce its occurrence. Regarding pests, especially the fourth generation of bollworms, it's important to implement preventive measures. Insecticides like 20% methomyl, 35% Shuodan, or 25% cyhalothrin are effective options for controlling these pests. Pruning is also crucial for improving air circulation and light penetration. Begin by removing old, yellowing leaves from the main stems around late August. Next, promptly eliminate axillary buds and ineffective bolls from the top of the plant. This process should start around August 20th, with repeated removal of empty fruit branches on the lower and middle parts of the plants. Additionally, pushing and mounding the rows can help improve drainage and ventilation, especially in wet conditions. This should be done 2–3 times, with intervals of 5–7 days, to reduce mold risk and encourage normal boll development. Early harvesting of damaged or rotten bolls is necessary to prevent further spread. If bolls are prone to damage due to rain, remove the mature bolls from the lower 1–3 branches and apply 40% ethephon at a concentration of 150–200 g per 50 kg of water. For late-maturing or less-developed cotton, when more than 80% of the bolls have been open for over 45 days, choose three consecutive sunny days with temperatures above 20°C to spray the same solution, focusing on the middle and lower bolls. Finally, timely picking is essential. The best time to harvest is when bolls have cracked and opened, fiber strength is high, and the color is white. Picking too early or too late can affect the quality and grading of the cotton. Any rotten or diseased bolls found should be removed immediately and taken out of the field. Regular hand-picking and sun-drying help reduce the spread of disease and maintain product quality.

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