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Several Measures to Improve the Survival Rate of Cashmere Goats
In cashmere goat farming, winter lambs offer several advantages over lambs born in other seasons, such as higher birth weight, stronger disease resistance, better survival rates, and greater cashmere yield. However, the mortality rate of newborn winter lambs remains a significant challenge. To reduce this risk, it's essential to focus on three key areas: environmental management, care for pregnant ewes, and proper lamb management.
**1. Environmental Management**
Before the lambing season, it is crucial to thoroughly clean and disinfect the pens and equipment. Laying down fresh grass in the lambing area, spreading wood ash, and installing heating systems can create a safe and warm environment. The maternity area should remain dry and well-insulated, ideally maintained at around 10°C with controlled humidity. Newborn lambs have underdeveloped organs and limited ability to regulate body temperature, making them highly vulnerable to colds and pneumonia. Regular cleaning of bedding and maintaining good ventilation are essential to prevent disease. If the temperature or humidity becomes extreme, it can lead to health issues, so careful monitoring is necessary to ensure optimal conditions for the lambs' survival.
**2. Managing Pregnant Ewes**
**2.1 Winter Grazing**
During winter, grazing should be carefully managed to protect both the ewe and the developing fetus. Sheep should graze in sheltered areas, avoiding strong winds and excessive exposure. The grazing time should be moderate—neither too early nor too late—and the movement should be slow and calm to avoid stress. This helps maintain the health of the fetus and ensures the ewe remains in good condition. Late pregnancy is a critical period for fetal development, so providing adequate nutrition and care during this time is vital for the health of the lambs and overall productivity.
**2.2 Postpartum Care**
After giving birth, ewes should be given a saltwater mink soup to help them recover. Their udders should be cleaned, and any long hair trimmed to allow the lambs to nurse easily. It's important to encourage lambs to consume colostrum within the first hour of birth, as it provides essential nutrients and antibodies that boost immunity. For ewes that are weak or have difficulty bonding with their lambs, applying fetal mucus to the lamb’s head or using gluten to attract the ewe can help strengthen the mother-child bond.
**3. Lamb Management**
**3.1 Feeding and Nutrition**
Colostrum is the most important source of nutrition for lambs in the first five days of life. Rich in antibodies and nutrients, it plays a crucial role in the lamb's immune system and digestive health. Lambs should be encouraged to nurse every 2 to 3 hours, especially if they are twins. At 10 days old, lambs can begin to eat small amounts of forage to stimulate their digestive system and improve heart and lung function. By 20 days, they can start grazing with the ewes, and by one month, they should gradually transition to solid feed. A balanced diet including soybean meal, corn, bran, and high-quality hay supports healthy growth. Weaning typically occurs between 3 to 4 months, after which lambs are grouped based on sex and health for continued care.
**3.2 Disease Prevention**
Preventing diseases involves vaccination and timely treatment. Vaccines should be administered according to a schedule, either directly or through the mother. Lambs are particularly susceptible to colds and respiratory infections, so regular disinfection of the living area and isolation of sick animals are essential. Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes. Additionally, allowing lambs to gradually adapt to the outside environment after 7 days helps build their immunity and vitamin D levels.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly improve the survival rate of winter lambs and enhance the overall efficiency of cashmere goat production.
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