Greenhouse Movable Irrigation System offer
uniformity and flexibility in irrigation, while reducing water and labor costs.
Available with multiple nozzles, allowing watering and misting options,
irrigation booms are adaptable to any crop. Depending on the boom selected,
multiple zones can be irrigated with one boom, allowing the grower to
effectively grow multiple crops in one house. All booms can be controlled
independently or through computerized controls.
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Deep plowing mature soil
Deep plowing combined with the application of organic fertilizer is one of the most effective methods to develop and deepen the mature soil layer, which is crucial for the successful cultivation of red meat and honey pomelo in mountainous areas. This practice not only enhances soil structure but also improves air permeability, increases porosity, and reduces bulk density. These improvements are essential for the healthy development of the root system, encouraging it to grow deeper into the soil, thereby making better use of available moisture and nutrients. Moreover, deep plowing promotes microbial activity in the soil, aiding in the decomposition of organic matter and mineral fertilizers, which ultimately increases nutrient availability. The aeration process also helps eliminate harmful substances like hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, creating a healthier soil environment.
In addition, deep plowing enhances the soil’s water retention capacity and fertility, reducing the risk of pests and diseases. When combined with organic manure, it further stimulates root growth and nutrient absorption, leading to higher soil fertility, stronger tree vigor, and improved fruit yield and quality.
For young orchards, deep plowing and soil expansion should be carried out gradually over several years. In sloped areas, where only one row of trees is planted per terrace, the soil on one side of the planting hole is expanded first, followed by the other side in the next year. Soil improvement within the terrace should then take place. For multi-row plantings on gentle slopes, the process can be done between rows and plants each year. In mature orchards, partial deep plowing is recommended annually to avoid damaging the extensive root system.
The depth of plowing varies depending on the tree's age: 0.1 to 1 meter for planting holes, 0.5 to 0.6 meters for young trees, and 0.4 meters for mature trees. Timing is also important—deep plowing is most effective during the early peak growth period of the roots, typically from May to June, when soil temperature and moisture are favorable for root healing and growth. This period allows for faster recovery, more vigorous root development, and better overall tree health.
Combining deep plowing with organic fertilizer and lime is essential for long-term soil improvement. Organic materials such as green manure, crop residues, and animal manure should be applied at a rate of about 50 kg per cubic meter, along with 5–10 kg of cake fertilizer or 50 kg of manure, 2–3 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate, and 1–2 kg of lime. These materials should be mixed with the soil or layered during plowing, with crude organic matter placed at the bottom and high-quality fertilizers applied above 40 cm to maximize efficiency.
Grapefruit prefers a slightly acidic soil pH of 5.5–6.5. In many southern Chinese citrus regions, soils are naturally acidic (pH below 6), which can hinder root growth. Lime is necessary to adjust the pH, with application rates varying based on soil acidity and texture. Typically, 100–150 kg of lime per 1/15 hectare is used for soils with a pH of 4.0–4.5, while 50–100 kg is sufficient for soils with a pH of 4.5–5.0. Lime should be applied in winter or early spring, either directly to the tree base or mixed with the soil during plowing. Alongside lime, high-quality organic fertilizers should be used to maintain soil balance, avoiding the use of acidic fertilizers that could worsen soil conditions.