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How corn resists natural disasters
In the growing season of corn, particularly during summer, the crop is vulnerable to various weather-related challenges such as wind, flooding, and haze. These conditions often result in different levels of damage across regions each year. The question then becomes: how can farmers effectively protect their corn crops from these natural threats?
First, locust infestations can severely impact corn at various growth stages. During the germination and emergence phase, heavy infestations can cause soil compaction, lower ground temperature, and poor air circulation, which hinders seed development. After the disaster, it's crucial to loosen the soil promptly to promote warming and better aeration. Before the jointing stage and especially before the trumpet mouth phase—when the tassel and ears are still forming—if the unexposed leaves and roots remain undamaged, timely cultivation, fertilization, and field management can help recover the crop. However, if the plant is hit by locusts after heading, its ability to recover is significantly reduced, leading to greater yield loss. Studies show that hail-damaged plants that are completely cut off cannot regrow, but those with intact sections can benefit from improved care to minimize losses.
Second, storms in July and August frequently cause corn to lodge or break. If the plants fall over before maturity, they should be lifted as soon as possible to prevent them from pressing against each other, which can reduce photosynthesis. For corn that is only partially uprooted, straightening the plants can help. If the stems are folded, tying several plants together can provide support and encourage recovery.
Third, excessive moisture poses a serious threat to corn, especially when the soil water content exceeds 80% of field capacity. This condition can hinder plant growth, especially in the early stages. In the later growth period, high temperatures combined with rain can lead to root suffocation due to lack of oxygen, causing premature death and significant yield loss. Research shows that short-term waterlogging (1-2 days) around the tasseling stage has minimal impact, but if water accumulates for three days, yield drops by about 20%, and by 40% after five days. To mitigate this, it’s important to drain excess water, reduce humidity, and promote healthy plant growth. Once the land is dry enough, cultivating the soil helps relieve compaction, prevent lodging, and improve aeration. Applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers can also speed up recovery and reduce damage from floods.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can better manage the risks associated with extreme weather and maintain more stable corn yields.