Precision Seedbed Preparation
To ensure optimal growth, select a loose and nutrient-rich garden area for the seedbed. The bed should be 1 to 1.2 meters wide, with ditches 10 to 15 centimeters deep and a flat surface. Sowing is best done in August. The recommended seeding rate is 400 grams per acre of seedbed, with a seedbed-to-field ratio of 1:8. Before sowing, perform low-temperature germination by soaking seeds in water for 12 to 24 hours, then rinsing and removing the outer layer. Dry the surface moisture and wrap the seeds in a cloth, placing them in a refrigerator at 5°C for 15 to 16 hours. After germination, keep the seeds moist and sow only those that have sprouted and turned white, approximately 50% of the total.
Post-Sowing Management
During hot midday hours, use straw mats to shield the seedlings from direct sunlight. On rainy days, cover the beds again to prevent soil erosion from heavy rain. Keep the soil consistently moist by watering regularly. Watering can be combined with organic manure to enrich the soil during the seedling stage. After planting, apply one bag of imidacloprid per acre, mixed with 10 kg of water, using a fine mist sprayer to control locust infestations effectively.
Timely Transplanting
Transplant the seedlings when they have developed 5 to 6 true leaves and are about 10 cm tall. Choose well-ventilated, sunny areas with loose and fertile soil. Before transplanting, dry the soil slightly and apply full base fertilizer. Typically, each seedling bed should receive 2 to 3 cubic meters of decomposed organic manure, 50 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 kg of urea. Mix the fertilizer thoroughly into the soil. For large-scale farming, wet the field and evenly distribute the fertilizer before planting directly after 5 days.
Fertilizer Management
Apply fertilizer early to promote rapid stem and leaf growth. About 15 to 20 days after transplanting, apply 10 to 15 kg of urea per acre. Continue regular fertilization throughout the growing season. Spray the plants with a soluble boron solution or superphosphate leaching solution 2 to 3 times to prevent petiole cracking and heart rot. To avoid yellowing of the petioles later on, spray once 10 to 15 days before harvest, which significantly improves overall quality.
Pest and Disease Control
For locusts, use an anti-inferiority pesticide. For leaf spot and blight, apply chlorothalonil or antiviral agents. Virus diseases can be managed with phytosanitary spirit, antiviral No. 1, or virus A. Soft rot can be controlled with agricultural streptomycin sulfate or neomycin. Regular monitoring and timely application of appropriate treatments are essential to maintain plant health and yield.
Additional Tips
It's important to monitor weather conditions closely and adjust management practices accordingly. Keeping a record of planting dates, fertilizer applications, and pest observations can help improve future crop performance. Always use high-quality seeds and maintain good hygiene practices to reduce disease risks. With proper care and attention, your crops will thrive and produce a bountiful harvest.
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